Crossflow microfiltration of gum arabic solutions: Comparison of the classical system with the co-current permeate flow system

Gum arabic is a natural gum exuded mainly by the trees Acacia senegal , currently used in the food industries for its emulsifying, thickening and stabilizing properties. Its present processing includes various operations providing a quite turbid product. Crossflow microfiltration could be interesting for the clarification and the cold-pasteurization of the gum arabic solutions. Several experiments were therefore made with the crossflow microfiltration unit at ENSIA, using two different systems: the classical one (without permeate circulation), and the co-current permeate flow system (CCPF) allowing the exploration of the low transmembrane pressures range. With gum arabic solutions of 0.17g solids g⁻¹ solution and 70°C, the best results after 60 min of filtration (105.7 L h⁻¹ m⁻², 4.4% of solids retention and 83.4% of clarification) were obtained with the CCPF system at low transmembrane pressure and high crossflow velocity (0.3 bar and 7.5ms⁻¹).     

核孔膜生产线膜微孔制备工艺实验研究

本文介绍核孔膜生产线,重点描述了膜微孔制备工艺的实验研究。对于PC和PES膜,已得到32种工况下的扩孔公式,其形式为D=A+Bt,其中D——孔径,t——扩孔时间,A,B为特定工艺参数下的常数值.通过实验。得到了膜孔密度N与300~#核反应堆功率P、热柱辐照位置L的经验公式,即N=6.97×10~5×10~3×101~(1.18L).在本生产线上可生产最大幅面为3 140mm×240mm,孔径为0.04～10 μm的多系列多规格的核孔膜产品。     

Asymmetric alumina membranes electrochemically formed in oxalic acid solution

Alumina membranes were fabricated by anodizing aluminium metal in 0.15 M oxalic acid. The growth kinetics of the porous layer were investigated in the temperature range –1 to 16 °C using linear potential scans up to 70 V. The faradaic efficiencies of metal oxidation and of porous layer formation, determined by applying Faraday's law, were found to be independent of both temperature and electrical charge. SEM analysis of the metal-side and solution-side surfaces revealed different morphologies. After dissolution of the barrier layer in phosphoric acid, the metal-side surface showed circular pores whose size of about 90 nm was found to be uniform and independent of temperature. The pore population was also practically independent of temperature and a value of about 4 × 10¹³ pores m^–2 was determined. On the solution-side surface the presence of a deposit partially occluding the mouths of pores was observed. This coating could be removed by chemical etching in NaOH or thermal treatment at 870 °C, where decomposition of oxalate occurs. This supports the hypothesis that the deposit consists of an aluminium salt containing oxalate anions precipitated from the solution. The results show that it is possible to control the morphological characteristics of the anodic alumina membranes by careful choice of experimental conditions.     

甲烷氧化偶联中钙钛矿催化膜的研究进展

甲烷氧化偶联对充分利用天然气资源具有非常重要的意义 ,以钙钛矿催化膜为核心的催化技术最有希望实现这一过程的工业化。本文介绍了近几年来人们对钙钛矿催化膜的研究成果 ,指出了这一领域今后的发展重点。     

Studies on chitin 3—effect of coagulants and annealing on the preparation and the properties of chitin membrane

Chitin membrane was prepared by casting a N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and lithium chloride (DMA-NMP-LiCl)solution of chitin and coagulating with several media. The effect of the coagulants on membrane formation was studied. 2-Propanol was found to be more favourable than methanol, ethanol, acetone and mixtures of 2-propanol and water. The membrane obtained in 2-propanol was subjected to annealing. Annealing made the membrane dense and strong. The tensile strength of the membrane annealed at 145°C for 2hr was about twice that of an unannealed membrane. The solute permeability of the annealed membranes was lower than that of the original one. These phenomena could be clearly interpreted in terms of crystallinity.     

Extraction of penicillin G from simulated media by an emulsion liquid membrane process

The extraction of penicillin G from simulated media was performed by water/oil/water (w/o/w) emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) and studied under various operational conditions in a batch system. The degree of extraction achieved was between 80% and 95% under specific conditions. A concentration of greater than nine times the initial concentration of penicillin G in the external phase was obtained in the internal phase. The pH of the internal aqueous solution, containing a basic salt, was theoretically calculated on the basis of the amount of penicillin G transported into the internal phase. The calculated results agreed with the experimental data well and were used to select a suitable type and concentration of a basic salt in the internal phase to give a pH within the range 5 to 8 where penicillin G was stable after the termination of extraction. The extraction of penicillin G was successfully performed by the ELM process with sodium carbonate in the internal phase.     

醋酸纤维素—纤维素增强膜的结构特征和分离性能

本文描述了醋酸纤维素－纤维素大孔增强超滤膜的结构特征一分离性能之间的关系。详细论述了膜材料含量和粘连剂含量及其分子量对膜结构和性能的影响。论述了不同配方铸膜液的膜，其孔径，水通量和截留率随操作压力的变化规律。实验证明这种高强度的ＣＡＣ膜经多次重复使用后，其结构性能保持完好。     

聚乙烯醇膜的阻醇及导电性能(Ⅱ)戊二醛交联聚乙烯醇膜

为提高直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)用膜的阻醇性能，采用在渗透蒸发领域广泛使用且具有良好分离效果的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为主要材料，制备了戊二醛(GA)交联PVA膜，考察了此类膜的阻醇及质子导电能力。PVA(GA)膜的阻醇效果较目前在DMFC中广泛使用的Nation膜有显著提高，但其自身不具有质子导电能力，需外加电解质溶液以提高其电导率。     

A study on the interaction between ibuprofen and bilayer lipid membrane

Ibuprofen is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which can interact with lipid membranes. In this paper, the interaction of ibuprofen with bilayer lipid membrane was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. UV-vis spectroscopy data indicated directly that ibuprofen could interact with lipid vesicles. In electrochemical experiments, ibuprofen displayed a biphasic behavior on bilayer lipid membrane supported on a glassy carbon electrode. It could stabilize the lipid membrane in low concentration, while it induced defects formation, even removed off bilayer lipid membrane from the surface of the electrode with increasing concentration. The mechanism about the interaction between ibuprofen and supported bilayer lipid membrane was discussed.     

小剂量辐照小鼠胸腺细胞膜流动性的变化

报道了以茈为荧光探针,探讨小剂量~(60)Co γ射线照射后小鼠胸腺细胞膜流动性的变化。结果表明,剂量在0.25-1.00Gy范围,胸腺细胞膜流动性降低与剂量之间呈明显线性关系。从0.50Gy起,辐照组荧光强度比值I_1/I_2与I_3/I_2与对照组的比较存有显著差异(P<0.05)。提示淋巴细胞膜流动性的变化可作为小剂量辐照早期效应的敏感指标。