地下增层h型双排桩支挡体系模型试验研究

针对地下增层基坑支护问题,提出既有-新增排桩组成的h型双排桩支挡体系.建立室内大比尺模型试验,以排间距为参数,研究h型双排桩中既有和新增排桩桩身受力随挖深变化规律.结果 表明增挖施工时新增排桩上部出现正向弯矩,下部出现负向弯矩.一定范围内,排间距增加可优化新增排桩桩身受力状态;既有和新增排桩可互相分担荷载,提高支挡结构...     

继电保护通道检测平台在光纤差动保护测试中的应用

光纤通道的可靠性直接影响光纤差动保护的可靠性及电力系统的安全运行,但目前由于技术和设备的限制,对通道延时、误码以及中断缺少一种方便、快捷、有效的测试方法,针对光纤通道测试的实际情况,结合现有的通道测试技术,利用继电保护通道检测平台,制定了新的通道测试方法,并介绍了其实现的功能和应用情况,对光纤差动保护相关的通道测试部分有一定的指导意义。     

800 kV叠装式瓷绝缘子大雨下的性能评估

An 800 kV electric power substation can have more than one hundred of porcelain multicone type insulators supporting busbar structures.Two or more sections in series,having middle and end fittings,compose these insulators.Ageing process can cause degradation of the cement used in this type of insulator and this fact can affect its dielectric performance under heavy rain.This paper presents results of an investigation based on power frequency high voltage tests performed on 800 kV porcelain multicone type insulators,removed from service after having operated for more than 20 years,as well a non-used one that had been stored on site for long time.The insulators were tested in different arrangements:each section at a time and the two sections assembled in series,as actually used insulator columns.The tests were carried out under artificial rain ranging from 1 mm/min to 5 mm/min.The results have confirmed a reduction of up to 30% in the insulator power frequency flashover voltage under 5 mm/min rain conditions and gave important information to the utility about radial cracks that were observed in many insulators and about the discharge mechanisms along the insulators under rain.     

Testing for Change in Long‐Memory Stochastic Volatility Time Series

In this article, change‐point problems for long‐memory stochastic volatility (LMSV) models are considered. A general testing problem which includes various alternative hypotheses is discussed. Under the hypothesis of stationarity the limiting behavior of CUSUM‐ and Wilcoxon‐type test statistics is derived. In this context, a limit theorem for the two‐parameter empirical process of LMSV time series is proved. In particular, it is shown that the asymptotic distribution of CUSUM test statistics may not be affected by long memory, unlike Wilcoxon test statistics which are typically influenced by long‐range dependence. To avoid the estimation of nuisance parameters in applications, the usage of self‐normalized test statistics is proposed. The theoretical results are accompanied by an analysis of Standard & Poor's 500 daily closing indices with respect to structural changes and by simulation studies which characterize the finite sample behavior of the considered testing procedures when testing for changes in mean and in variance.     

Bewertung der Messunsicherheit bei der Durchführung von Dauerlastversuchen mit Verbunddübeln

Sustained load tests are necessary for product-qualification of bonded fasteners. The aim of these sustained load tests is the evaluation of the fastening under constant tension load. Based on these tests, an extrapolation of the displacement behaviour concerning the assumed working life of the fastening is carried out. Three different measurands are of interest for sustained load tests, which are the failure load during the tension tests, the constancy of the applied sustained load, as well as the displacement. Due to the fact that every measurand is tainted with measurement uncertainty, the present paper aimed to evaluate the dimension of the expected measurement uncertainty, since this influences in consequence the forecast of the displacement behaviour over the working life of a bonded fastener. The assessment is done in accordance with the „Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“ for both, the maximum expected measurement uncertainty in compliance with the accuracy requirements of the relevant testing standards and with values from practice for the purpose of comparison.     

Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Tocored through Chemical Assays,Evaluation in Stripped Corn Oil,and CAA Assay

γ‐Tocopherol‐5,6‐quinone (tocored) is a crucial oxidized product of γ‐tocopherol (γ‐T) found in edible oil. Previously published studies on antioxidant activity (AOA) of tocored are not consistent. This study aims to monitor its AOA comprehensively through chemical assays (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]), antioxidant evaluation in a food model system (stripped corn oil), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay, which would reasonably widen the knowledge of the AOA of γ‐T and tocored. In both DPPH and FRAP assays, tocored shows less AOA than γ‐T. Results of chemical properties in the Schaal oven test show that tocored possesses better AOA than γ‐T. Correlation coefficients of γ‐T and tocored between peroxide and K₂₃₄ or p‐AnV are 0.8784–0.9875 and 0.8716–0.9879, respectively. The CAA assay also shows that tocored possesses better cellar AOA than γ‐T, with an EC₅₀ at 21.55 µg mL^?1. Drawing conclusions from the results from chemical assays, evaluation in stripped corn oil, and CAA assay, tocored is verified as a potent antioxidant in edible vegetable oils compared to γ‐T. Practical Applications: The present work widens the knowledge of antioxidant activity of tocored and gamma‐tocopherol, and contributes to the understanding of existing antioxidant activity when gamma tocopherol is depleted when edible oils are in storage and processing processes.     

Joining of SiC,alumina, and mullite by the Refractory Metal—Wrap pressure-less process

The aim of this work was to discuss the suitability of the joining process called “RM-Wrap” (RM = Refractory Metals, ie, Mo, Nb, Ta, Zr) as a pressure-less and tailorable technique to join several different ceramics such as SiC, alumina, and mullite (3Al₂O₃.2SiO₂). In the RM-Wrap joining technique the refractory metal foil is used as a wrap containing one or more silicon foils. It is performed at 1450°C, under flowing argon, and the resulting joining materials are in situ formed composites made of refractory metal disilicides (MoSi₂, NbSi₂, TaSi₂, or ZrSi₂) embedded in a silicon-rich matrix; their coefficient of thermal expansion has been calculated and the Laser Flash Method was used to measure the thermal diffusivity of one of them (MoSi₂/Si) in 25°C-1000°C range, then to calculate its thermal conductivity. All the obtained joints are uniform, continuous, and crack free. Some preliminary oxidation tests were carried out on all joints at 1100°C, 6 hours in air, giving unchanged morphology of the interface and the joining materials itself; the joint strength of RM-Wrap joined SiC was measured at room temperature using three different mechanical tests: (a) single lap (SL), (b) single lap off-set (SLO) and (c) torsion on hourglass-shaped samples (THG) (on Mo-wrap joined SiC).     

Predictive plots for conical pick performance using mechanical and elastoplastic properties of rocks

Conical picks are by far the most widely used drag type cutting tools employed on partial face rock excavation machines. The cutting force and specific energy are two important design parameters for the conical pick performance, and the rock cutting testing is considered as the promising tool for determining these parameters. In the absence of an instrumented cutting rig, researchers generally rely on empirical predictive plots. For this, this paper suggests predictive plots for estimating the cutting force and specific energy, in consideration of the cutting depth to define the cuttability with conical picks. In this context, rock cutting tests were carried out on six volcanic rock samples with varying cutting depths using the unrelieved and relieved cutting modes. The cutting force and specific energy were correlated with the uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, elasticity modulus, and plasticity index. Predictive plots were proposed for different cutting depths in the unrelieved and relieved cutting modes and exponential relationships were obtained among the cuttability parameters, and mechanical and elastoplastic properties of rocks.     

Effects of various tool plunge depths on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and dome structure features of friction stir spot welded AA5052-H32 similar joints

The solid-state nature of friction stir spot welding process provides outstanding advantages for the sound joining of aluminum alloys. Within this study, 3 mm-thick AA5052-H32 sheets are successfully joined by friction stir spot welding using 2344 hot-worked steel pin to investigate the effects of various tool plunge depths on the microstructure, mechanical and metallurgical properties of similar welds. Therefore, the experiments are performed at different plunge depths in the range of 3 mm–4 mm. Accordingly, the relationships between the process parameter (tool plunge depth) and the responses (microstructure, dome structure, microhardness and lap shear tensile load) are established. Microstructure analyses demonstrate that the increase in the plunge depth leads to more grain refinement within the stir zone, which significantly affects the mechanical performance of the similar joints. This study also indicates that the tool plunge depth in friction stir spot welding process has a noteworthy influence on the characteristic features of the 5052 aluminum alloy joints, such as the dome structure. Moreover, an explicit increase in the microhardness towards the weld stir zone is observed in all specimens. It is found that the average maximum tensile-shear force enhances with the increment in the tool plunge depth from 3 mm to 4 mm.