60万吨/年磷酸二铵装置扩能改造

对磷酸二铵装置内相关设备能力进行了系统识别,找出了影响产能提高的瓶颈,并对瓶颈加以改造,可以使装置能力由原来的60万吨/年,提高至每年75万吨/年。     

Porous Perovskite Fibers – Preparation by Wet Phase Inversion Spinning and Catalytic Activity

Porous perovskite (LaMnO₃) fibers were prepared by means of wet phase inversion spinning. The influence of different spinning procedures, slurry and coagulation bath composition on fiber shape and pore morphology was studied. The catalytic activity of the prepared fibers was tested for carbon monoxide oxidation as a model reaction in a differential recycle reactor. The results revealed that by suitable choice of process conditions porous catalytically active fibers can be prepared. Catalytic measurements confirmed that the catalytic fibers exhibit an open structure that allows full utilization of the catalytically active surface without intraparticle diffusional limitations.     

EDTA/CA对加氢处理催化剂性能的影响

以碱式碳酸镍、三氧化钼、磷酸为原料制备钼镍磷浸渍液，并在浸渍液中分别添加乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸，制备出含单一络合剂及双络合剂的加氢处理催化剂。通过XRD、HRTEM、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等对其进行表征，发现双络合剂催化剂与单络合剂催化剂相比，降低了活性金属与载体的相互作用力，有利于形成更多的II类活性相，且片晶长度更长，片晶层数更多；同时又具有较大的比表面积和孔容，酸量及中强酸也得到增加。因此，双络合剂催化剂具有更高的加氢脱硫、脱氮活性。     

Cross-linking of cellulose and poly(ethylene glycol) with citric acid

A novel approach to modifying native cellulosic fibres with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) impregnation and simultaneous cross-linking by citric acid (CA) was investigated. To understand the contributions of different components in the system, control references with just CA and cellulosic fibres (filter paper) were studied. The effect of sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst was also assessed. The results revealed that ester bonds are indeed formed in the cellulose–PEG–CA reaction system, as indicated by weight percentage gain (WPG) and FTIR analysis. The best results were achieved by using 5% CA and 10% PEG (calculated as weight-% from cellulose). In the reaction, the environmentally friendly CA prevents PEG from being leached out of cellulose during washing, resulting in promising future applications in dimensionally stabilized products based on cellulosic fibres.     

Subcritical co‐solvents extraction of lipid from wet microalgae pastes of Nannochloropsis sp.

In this paper subcritical co‐solvents extraction (SCE) of algal lipid from wet pastes of Nannochloropsis sp. is examined. The influences of five operating parameters including the ratio between ethanol to hexane, the ratio of mixed solvents to algal biomass (dry weight), extraction temperature, pressure, and time were investigated. The determined optimum extraction conditions were 3:1 (hexane to ethanol ratio), 10:1 ratio (co‐solvents to microalgae (dry weight) ratio), 90°C, 1.4 MPa, and 50 min, which could produce 88% recovery rate of the total lipids. In addition, electron micrographs of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to show that the algal cell presented shrunken, collapsed with some wrinkles and microholes after SCE extraction. The main composition of total lipids extracted under the optimum conditions was TAG which represented more than 80%. And the fatty acid profile of triglycerides revealed that C16:0 (35.67 ± 0.2%), C18:1 (26.84 ± 0.044%) and C16:1 (25.96 ± 0.011%) were dominant. Practical applications: The reported method could save energy consumption significantly through avoiding deep dewatering (for example drying). The composition of the extracted lipid is suitable for the production of high quality biodiesel.     

PBSA/木薯淀粉湿法共混体系研究

采用湿法共混工艺制备了聚丁二酸/己二酸–丁二醇酯(PBSA)/木薯淀粉薄膜。对薄膜的力学性能、热稳定性和微观形貌以及树脂的摩尔质量变化进行了研究。结果表明,共混体系的熔融温度基本没有变化,结晶峰温度略有升高;随木薯淀粉含量的增加,PBSA/淀粉共混薄膜的力学性能下降,木薯淀粉和PBSA在各自的温度区域内分解,共混材料的热稳定性下降;GPC结果显示加工过程中,虽有水分存在,但是PBSA的摩尔质量没有降低。随淀粉含量的增加,薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低,当淀粉质量分数10%时,共混薄膜仍能保持良好的机械性能,达到GB/T 4456—2008的要求。湿法共混工艺能够在一定程度上取得物料共混的理想效果,在降低生产成本的同时保持良好的综合机械性能和加工性能。     

Effect of KI and KOH Impregnations over Activated Carbon on H2S Adsorption Performance at Low and High Temperatures

In the present work, commercial-grade activated carbon was modified by steam activation to improve its surface properties for high temperature desulfurization. The modified sample was also further upgraded by impregnating with KOH and KI to promote the chemisorption with of H₂S. The H₂S adsorption performance was tested under the temperature range of 30–550°C using the temperature program adsorption technique to understand the effect of adsorption temperature on the material adsorption characteristic. It was found that at ambient temperature, the impregnation of activated carbon with KOH can promote the H₂S adsorption capacity of activated carbon, whereas the impregnation with KI does not provide a significant beneficial effect. At high adsorption temperature (upto 550°C), both KOH and KI impregnation considerably improve the H₂S adsorption performance of activated carbon in terms of the adsorption capacity and breakthrough time. It was revealed from N₂ adsorption, SEM and EDS measurement that the chemical reactions between H₂S and alkaline compounds (KOH and KI) are promoted at high temperature. Based on all experimental results, the equilibrium adsorption model using the linear isotherm was developed to predict the adsorption behavior of these sorbents in terms of equilibrium isotherm constant and mass transfer coefficient for later scaling-up process.     

Removal of Fluoride from Contaminated Drinking Water using Unmodified and Aluminium Hydroxide Impregnated Blue Lime Stone Waste

Abstract

The adsorption of fluoride on lime stone (LS) and aluminium hydroxide impregnated lime stone (AlLS) was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. A series of experiments were under taken in an agitated batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables such as solution pH, dye concentration and temperature. Removal of fluoride was observed to be the most effective at pH 8. The langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The results showed that the Freundlich equation fits better than the Langmuir equation. The maximum sorption capacities for the LS and AlLS adsorbents were found to be 43.10 mg/g and AlLS 84.03 mg/g respectively. The FTIR studies indicate that the adsorption of fluoride is physiorption. The adsorption of fluoride onto AlLS proceeds according to a pseudo-first-order model. The results reveal that the LS and AlLS can be economical for the removal of fluoride compared to many other expensive adsorbents.     

Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of gasoline using phosphotungstic acid supported on MWW zeolite

Catalysts for the desulfurization of gasoline samples were synthesized via the immobilization of well-dispersed phosphotungstic acid (HPW) on Mobil composition of matter-twenty-two (MWW) zeolite. Characterization results indicated that these catalysts possess a mesoporous structure with the retention of the Keggin structure of immobilized HPW. Relevant reaction parameters influencing sulfur removal were systematically investigated, including HPW loading, catalyst dosage, temperature, initial S-concentration, molar ratio of oxidant to sulfide (O/S), volume ratio of MeCN to model oil (Ext./oil), and sulfide species. The 40 wt-% HPW/MWW catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity with 99.6% dibenzothiophene sulfur removal from prepared samples. The 40 wt-% HPW/MWW catalyst was recycled four times and could be easily regenerated. Finally, as an exploratory study, straight-run-gasoline and fluid catalytic cracking gasoline were employed to accurately evaluate the desulfurization performance of 40 wt-% HPW/MWW. Our research provides new insights into the development and application of catalysts for desulfurization of gasoline.