Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) on the hydrophobic interactions and rheology of proanthocyanidin biopolymers from Pinus radiata

The rheology of solutions of extracts from the bark of Pinus radiata was investigated in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) of different molecular weights. PEG with a molecular weight of 4600 (1% w/w) was sufficient to reduce the viscosity of a concentrated (40% w/w) pine tannin extract by one order of magnitude. The reduction of the viscosity was due to the inhibition of molecular association via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between tannin and PEG and depended on the molecular weight of PEG. PEG effectively reduced the viscosity of polyphenolic tannins but retained high reactivity toward paraformaldehyde for adhesive formulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1254–1260, 2005     

Use of organosolv lignin in phenol-formaldehyde resins for particleboard production: II. Particleboard production and properties

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the utility of lignin-based resins designed for application as an adhesive in the production of particleboard. Bond qualities of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenolated-lignin-formaldehyde resins and commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF-com) resin were assessed by using an automatic bonding evaluation system, prior to production of particleboards. In order to evaluate the quality of lignin-based resins, particleboards were produced and physical and mechanical properties were investigated. These physical properties included internal bond, modules of rupture and modulus of elasticity. Thickness swell and water absorption properties of particleboards bonded with lignin-based resins were also determined. The lignin-based resins have been reported previously in Part I of this study. The results showed that particleboards bonded with phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% lignin content) exhibited similar physical and mechanical properties when compared to particleboards bonded with PF-com. The work has indicated that phenolated-lignin formaldehyde resins (up to 30% substitution level) can be used successfully as a wood adhesive for constructing particleboard. The performance of these panels is comparable to those of boards made using PF-com resin.     

The Effect of Moisture Content in Epoxy Film Adhesives on their Performance. III: Bulk Properties

Humidity absorbed by epoxy film adhesives during low temperature storage or exposure to atmosphere may result in reversible changes and irreversible modifications. Vacuum treatment may partially remedy the reversible changes. The consequences of vacuum drying are manifested in enhancement of both the peel and shear properties of bonded joints (Part I and Part II of this series of papers) and the thermal, physical and mechanical properties of the bulk adhesive, characterized in the present study.

Experimental results have shown that the bulk properties of structural epoxy based adhesives are highly correlated with the aging processes caused by water absorption in the prepolymerized adhesive. Applying the vacuum process is harmful to fresh unaged adhesive due to devolatization of low molecular species of the film adhesive.

The characterization of bulk properties for the purpose of following the aging and recovery processes is advantageous, since the bulk is independent of geometrical and interfacial effects which dominate in the case of property evaluation of the adhesive in a bonded joint.     

Adhesives in construction: A contractor's viewpoint

The development of epoxy- and polyester-based adhesives has dramatically widened the scope of adhesive bonding in the civil engineering industry but the technology of the adhesives used has often been more appropriate to the workshop than to the construction site. There is a need for the suppliers of structural adhesives to recognize this and to develop compositions and application techniques more amenable to site use. It is equally necessary for the construction industry to make more effort to understand these materials, to take advantage of their outstanding properties, and hence to use them successfully for the construction and repair of concrete structures.     

Reactivity,chemical structure,and molecular mobility of urea–formaldehyde adhesives synthesized under different conditions using FTIR and solid‐state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of reaction pH condition and hardener type on the reactivity, chemical structure, and molecular mobility of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins. Three different reaction pH conditions, such as alkaline (7.5), weak acid (4.5), and strong acid (1.0), were used to synthesize UF resins, which were cured by adding four different hardeners (ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium citrate, and zinc nitrate) to measure gel time as the reactivity. FTIR and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopies were used to study the chemical structure of the resin prepared under three different reaction pH conditions. The gel time of UF resins decreased with an increase in the amount of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium citrate added in the resins, whereas the gel time increased when zinc nitrate was added. Both FTIR and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopies showed that the strong reaction pH condition produced uronic structures in UF resin, whereas both alkaline and weak‐acid conditions produced quite similar chemical species in the resins. The proton rotating‐frame spin–lattice relaxation time (T_1ρH) decreased with a decrease in the reaction pH of UF resin. This result indicates that the molecular mobility of UF resin increases with a decrease in the reaction pH used during its synthesis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2677–2687, 2003     

建筑结构粘结剂的研究进展

在综合分析国内外文献的基础上,本文简述了粘结剂的发展历史,它在建筑业中的应用现状及在现代建筑业中的地位;研究了建筑结构粘结剂的主要性能指标,粘结剂连接的优点和主要技术检验指标等.此外,对目前广受关注的粘结剂耐久性研究的试验方法做了总结,列举了最新研究进展.在此基础上,指出了目前研究的不足,提出了对研究方向的建议.     

Accurate High-speed Assembly of Optical Components in Optical Scanning Systems using UV-curing Adhesives: A Positional and Stability Study

In the miniaturized designs of optical scanning systems, UV-curing adhesives have been substituted for screws and bolts. The assembly of delicate optical components enforces stringent requirements on positional accuracy and stability after temperature and humidity cycle testing. The influence of the UV-curing adhesive is mainly determined by its polymerization shrinkage (typically more than 6%). With low amounts of Aerosil® fillers (5% by weight), shrinkage values of 3% can be attained. Optimized adhesive constructions lead to close positional tolerances (0.5 μm) and angular displacements (0.1 mrad).     

An NMR‐MOUSE® for Analysis of Thin Objects

A special unilateral NMR sensor has been designed for investigations of thin samples with a thickness of less than 1 mm and of surface effects of polymers. For use with the bar‐magnet NMR‐MOUSE®, the so‐called “crazy coil” is introduced with a low penetration depth. It is a flat meander coil etched on a printed circuit board with wiggles in the conductors. The design of the new coil and FEM simulations of the B ₁ field are presented. Different applications are discussed by means of illustrative examples. They are the detection of surface damage in rubber samples, the swelling and drying of a latex membrane exposed to cyclohexane vapor mimicking a chemical sensor, and the drying of a thin sprayed adhesive layer.

Bar‐magnet NMR‐MOUSE® with crazy coil.     

有机硅改性酚醛-丁腈胶粘剂的研究

在酚醛 -丁腈胶粘剂中 ,加入一定量的有机硅材料 ,可有效提高其耐热性能 ,而其它性能基本不变。     

Elastic properties of adhesive polymers. II. Polymer films and bond lines by means of nanoindentation

Seven different polymers used frequently as adhesives and/or matrix polymers in wood, wood composites, and natural fiber‐reinforced composites were studied by uniaxial tensile tests and nanoindentation. It was shown that the elastic modulus, the hardness, the creep factor, and the elastic‐, plastic‐, and viscoelastic work of indentation of the seven different polymers is essentially the same regardless whether the polymers were tested in the form of pure films or in situ, i.e., in an adhesive bond line with spruce wood. An excellent correlation was found between the elastic modulus measured by tensile tests and the elastic modulus measured by nanoindentation. In spite of the good correlation, the elastic modulus measured by nanoindentation is significantly higher than the elastic modulus measured by tensile tests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1234–1239, 2006