Effectiveness of daylighting design and occupant visual satisfaction in a LEED Gold laboratory building

Using daylight as primary light source has been widely recognized as an important strategy to reduce building energy demand and enhance indoor environment quality. However, to design and operate a building to make full use of daylight, which is a dynamic light source, to meet diverse occupant needs remains a challenge. This paper reports a post-occupancy study of the visual environment in a laboratory building on a university campus, and puts a spotlight on the building occupants as it examines the effectiveness of the daylighting design and systems integration in creating a visual environment to support occupant comfort and satisfaction while reducing artificial lighting demand. Results show generally high satisfaction with daylit work environment and positive effect of the horizontal shading strategy. Issues about the integration between daylighting and electric lighting systems and level of occupant control are identified and discussed for improving the effectiveness of daylighting and enhancing the quality of the visual environment in the building of study. A multiple-tool methodology is developed and tested, which included occupant surveys, interviews, illuminance measurements, continuous data loggers, fisheye-lens camera and glare-identifying software, and documentation of spatial settings, systems features, and user behavior.     

添加剂对高模量沥青及其混合料性能的影响

为了给沥青路面推荐较优高模量沥青混合料添加材料,采用车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验和小梁弯曲试验,以试件的最大变形、冻融劈裂强度比(TSR)和疲劳寿命为评价指标,对比研究了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)和聚乙烯(PE)两种添加材料,在不同添加剂量条件下对比沥青混合料的性能作用效果。根据研究结果在夏季高温地区,建议采用添加剂量为4.0%的聚合物SBS;在夏季多雨地区或者交通量繁重路段,建议聚合物SBS和聚乙烯PE混合使用,并且掺量为3%。     

Naturalistic study of rider's behaviour in initial training in France: Evidence of limitations in the educational content

This paper analyses motorcycle educational content in a number of French motorcycle schools on the basis of a naturalistic study of riders’ and trainers’ behaviour. The aim is to specify the situations delivered in motorcycle schools and to study the rider's activity in these situations. The methodology includes ethnographic observation within the motorcycle schools and the longitudinal monitoring of 14 trainee motorcyclists during their initial training. The training situations were described by the combination of audio–visual recordings and interviews data (i.e. concomitant or interruptive verbalization, and self-confrontation data). The results permit to (1) compare the “real” and “official” durations of track and on-road training, (2) characterize the real training situations, (3) describe the preferred forms of instruction, and (4) conduct an in-depth analysis of the situations used during training in traffic. The discussion show, in first, the poverty of the training situations which are based on the repetition of the exercises in the test, and, in second, disparities between the riding situations encountered during training and the demands made by riding in natural traffic. The usefulness and the applications of this type of approach – based on the integration of the rider's point of view notably by self-confrontation interview – for understanding real riding behaviours and how such approaches could supplement vehicle-based data are discussed in a large conclusion.     

硫酸钾铵的制备表征及热力学性质研究

通过造粒和模拟化工生产工艺合成了硫酸钾铵，由化学分析法测定了其组成，电镜，X－射线衍射，红外光谱等仪器测定了晶体形貌和结构，还测定了溶解热，标准生成焓和摩尔热容等参数。     

Mathematical modeling and experimental study on vertical temperature distribution of hybrid ventilation in an atrium building

An extended Gebhart-Block model for large space buildings is proposed in this paper, which is used to predict the vertical temperature distribution of hybrid ventilation. Natural ventilation coupled with air-conditioning is described with a mathematical model. The indoor thermal environment formed by the air-conditioning and the natural ventilation can also be conducted for the potential analysis and optimal use of the natural ventilation. Experiments were carried out in an atrium building in Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences. This paper describes aforementioned model, and it is found that the calculation results implying this model agree well with the measurement data.     

Experimental study on the performance of insulation materials in Mediterranean construction

It is well known that it is necessary to insulate the buildings to decrease the thermal demand and to decrease the use of heating and cooling. Due to the high cost of fossil fuels and to the necessity to reduce CO₂ emissions, and also due to the new building regulations more attention is paid to the insulation of buildings. Different insulation materials are available in the market. Usually, they are compared by their thermal conductivity and with theoretical calculations, but there are no experimental comparisons available, where the behavior of such insulation materials in a building is compared over time. This is why the authors started a comparison of three typical insulation materials, polyurethane, polystyrene, and mineral wool. For this purpose, four house-like cubicles were constructed (with a size of 2.4 m × 2.4 m × 2.4 m) and their thermal performance throughout the time was measured. The cubicles were built under a conventional Mediterranean construction system, differing only in the insulation material used. During 2008 and the first months of 2009 the performance of these cubicles was evaluated, and the results are presented in this paper.     

化工园区及其生产装置等设施的安全问题探讨

化工园区很多化工生产装置、罐区等集聚在一起,安全问题十分重要,必须有防护措施。介绍了国内外安全评价发展及事故概况。国外强调提高本质安全水平和对人员进行安全文化教育,以防止事故发生和减少损失。现国外已普遍采用危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)方法进行分析研究并认为其行之有效。最后对安全问题提出几点意见供参考。     

Surface and corrosion properties of modified passive layer on 304 stainless steel as bipolar plates for PEMFCs

In this study, the relation between surface chemistry and corrosion properties of modified 304 stainless steels (304SS) was investigated. 304SS samples were submitted to plasma nitriding performed at two different temperatures: 420 °C (low) and 520 °C (high). Then, a thermo reactive deposition (TRD) was used in a mixture of ferro niobium, alumina and ammonium chloride. Finally, a pickling treatment was performed to access high corrosion resistant surfaces. Surface treated samples, both before and after pickling, were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Potentiodynamic (PD) techniques. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was performed for the analysis of the surface layers of the samples after pickling.The surface layers were mostly comprised of iron and chromium oxides and hydroxides. XPS results proved the presence of a surface layer mostly constituted by iron oxides and oxyhydroxides for both the treated samples that resulted more homogenous for the sample nitrided at low temperature. Chromium was detected by XPS in the predominant form of oxide on the surface of the sample nitrided at low temperature.     

农村水电增效扩容改造与世行贷款项目群管理比较研究

以农村水电增效扩容改造试点项目群及浙江省小水电世行贷款项目群为对象,比较研究了项目特性、管理政策、管理模式,以及项目实施流程和项目管理关键环节,在此基础上提出了细化项目约束分析、加强项目关键环节控制等优化我国项目群管理的建议,对优化我国类似项目群管理具有借鉴意义。