Genetic Gain for Soybean Seed Protein,Oil, and Yield in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population

The use of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is widespread, with applications in food, fuel, livestock feed, and industrial products. We developed a soybean population of 239 F₄-derived recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from the cross “5601T” × U99-310255 to estimate the heritability and genetic gain for seed protein, oil, and yield, and to assess the utility of making selections for these important traits. Heritability estimates on an entry means basis for protein (0.78), oil (0.65), seed yield (0.38) varied by trait with regard to genetic influence. Genetic gain was calculated for each trait at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% selection intensities. With the genetic gain that was obtained through the selections for each trait, some lines excelled above that of the checks and parents in this population. The second and third highest yielding selections (56U99-081 and 56U99-244) are notable in producing 50.2% and 49.8% meal protein, respectively, while maintain high yields above the high-yielding parent, 5601T. Seeking balance for these important soybean traits is essential for breeders looking to make optimal improvements for the wide variety of soybean uses. Further research on this population could prove to be of value to breeding programs wishing to increase seed yield, oil, and protein.     

提高风扫磨台时产量的有效途径

针对影响风扫磨产量的主要因素 ,从钢球装填量、钢球球径和球径比、成品矿细度、风扫磨进、出磨温度、风扫能力 (排风机风量 )和投料量等六方面分析了增加风扫磨台时产量的有效方法     

Isoflavone Content of Soybean Cultivars from Maturity Group 0 to VI Grown in Northern and Southern China

Soybean isoflavone content has long been considered to be a desirable trait to target in selection programs for their contribution to human health and plant defense systems. The objective of this study was to determine isoflavone concentrations of various soybean cultivars from maturity groups 0 to VI grown in various environments and to analyze their relationship to other important seed characters. Forty soybean cultivars were grown in replicated trials at Wuhan and Beijing of China in 2009/2010 and their individual and total isoflavone concentrations were determined by HPLC. Their yield and quality traits were also concurrently analyzed. The isoflavone components had abundant genetic variation in soybean seed, with a range of coefficient variation from 45.01% to 69.61%. Moreover, individual and total isoflavone concentrations were significantly affected by cultivar, maturity group, site and year. Total isoflavone concentration ranged from 551.15 to 7584.07 μg g^?1, and averaged 2972.64 μg g^?1 across environments and cultivars. There was a similar trend regarding the isoflavone contents, in which a lower isoflavone concentration was generally presented in early rather than late maturing soybean cultivars. In spite of significant cultivar × year × site interactions, cultivars with consistently high or low isoflavone concentrations across environments were identified, indicating that a genetic factor plays the most important role for isoflavone accumulation. The total isoflavone concentration had significant positive correlations with plant height, effective branches, pods per plant, seeds per plant, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, while significant negative correlations with oleic acid and oil content, indicating that isoflavone concentration can be predicted as being associated with other desirable seed characteristics.     

提高颜料永固紫粗品合成收率的一种方法

颜料永固紫粗品的合成以咔唑为起始原料,在相转移催化剂的存在下与溴乙烷反应得到N-乙基咔唑,收率96％以上。N-乙基咔唑在氯苯中与稀硝酸反应得到N-乙基-3-硝基咔唑,收率70％左右。N-乙基-3-硝基咔唑经催化加氢还原后生成N-乙基-3-氨基咔唑,收率接近理论量,它与四氯苯醌经缩合、闭环反应生成永固紫粗品,两步反应的收率在92％以上。很明显,在合成永固紫粗品的整个过程中,提高粗品收率的关键在于改进N-乙基咔唑的硝化反应及其后序操作。     

Controlling attractive interparticle forces via small anionic and cationic additives in kaolin clay slurries

Interparticle forces govern slurry behavior in flow, mixing, sedimentation and thickening. This study evaluates the use of small anionic and cationic additives with pH to control the interparticle forces in kaolin slurry via the yield stress parameter. Both phosphate and citrate additives were found to reduce the interparticle attractive force or yield stress in the moderate pH region of 4–12. These relatively low charged additives were unable to impart a sufficiently strong repulsive interparticle force to completely disperse the slurry. Three linear relationships between yield stress and the square of zeta potential were observed in slurry with and without these additives, indicating that the yield stress–DLVO force model is obeyed in each linear region. The mid-range zeta potential region yielded a positive slope which was attributed to heterogeneous charge attraction between clay particles. It is this heterogeneous charge attraction that was weakened by the adsorbed additives. In contrast, cationic Polyethylenimine (PEI) of Mw 70,000 increases the yield stress at all pH level via bridging. Charge reversal was also observed at high PEI concentrations. In two cases, the pH of maximum yield stress and zero zeta potential coincided. A single linear yield stress–zeta potential squared relationship was observed despite particle bridging interaction being the dominant interparticle force.     

助滤剂在酮苯脱蜡装置上应用

以抚顺石油二厂减二线馏分油为原料进行了加入脱蜡助滤剂的实验室试验研究。实验室采用关键单元间歇式过程 ,与国内其它实验研究装置不同 ,建立了一套深冷设备 ,使实验的深冷部分冷却条件完全模拟抚顺石油二厂酮苯脱蜡工业装置的深冷部分的工艺条件 ,这样所得的试验结果对实际工业生产指导意义较大 ,实验结果表明 ,采用的 5种助滤剂对石油二厂酮苯脱蜡车间的原料油都有较好的助滤效果 ,助滤剂及其加入量不同则助滤效果不同。其中D1添加剂在加入量为 50 0 μg·g- 1时 ,可提高过滤速度近一倍 ,脱蜡油收率增加 5.1 %。并且选择的国产添加剂对石油二厂酮苯脱蜡装置的蜡及脱蜡油无任何不良影响     

Confining stress effect on the elastoplastic ground reaction considering the Lode angle dependence

The convergence confinement methods are solutions employed to estimate convergence in circular tunnels. They are mostly based on constitutive equations governed by the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown yield criteria. However, the solutions based on these criteria neglect the intermediate principal stress confining effect on the ground reaction estimation. Therefore, in this paper, a Drucker-Prager yield criterion governed solution integrated with the Lode angle parameter is employed. It considers the intermediate principal stress influence and the critical effect of the parameter on failure characterization.Subsequently, it is verified with results attained from numerical simulations which consider an elasticperfectly plastic constitutive law with a non-associative flow rule within FLAC~(3D). It was drawn from the results that the ground reaction and plastic evolution are influenced by the confining stress.Furthermore, considering a suitable yield criterion leads to realistic convergence and plastic evolution estimation. The circumscribed DP criterion governed solution with Lode angle parameter value(0.8) is considered appropriate for the realistic ground reaction estimation in the three-dimensional(3D) stress state rock mass. It estimates approximately 3.4% of tunnel convergence as compared to the classic solutions(5%) and plastic radius estimated to be approximately 2.45 m compared to 2.84 m.     

聚合物振动注射成型熔池增强方法的研究

利用同一副模具上有熔池和无熔池实验样条，在振动实验机上进行振动注射实验，低频振动下有熔池和无熔池祥条在振动注射成型时，其拉伸屈服强度是不同的，增加熔池，聚合物的拉伸屈服强度有较大提高。振动频率存在一个最佳值，超过此值后，拉伸屈服强度会逐渐走低并接近无振动状态下的拉伸屈服强度。     

Modification of polycarbosilane as a precursor with high ceramic yield for oxygen-free SiC fibers

Polycarbosilane (PCS) was modified by addition of 1 wt% polyborazine and subsequent heat treatment at 70-400 °C. The modified PCS exhibited highly improved ceramic yield from original 63% to 78% by heating at 70 °C for 10 h. The molecular weight of the PCS modified at higher temperatures markedly increased, then was rendered infusible but soluble PCS in organic solvent on heating at 300 °C. H-NMR indicated that original PCS was enhanced by dehydrocoupling reaction between Si-H groups. Solution of the modified PCS was hand-drawn to fibers, followed by direct pyrolysis up to 1,400 °C without air-curing step to convert into oxygen-free SiC fibers. The morphology and crystalline phase were determined by SEM and XRD analysis, respectively. Presented at the Int’l Symp. on Chem. Eng. (Cheju, Feb. 8-10, 2001), dedicated to Prof. H. S. Chun on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University. Mr. Cao worked at CNU under co-advisor system.