具HollingⅡ型功能反应的食饵—捕食系统的定性分析

本文对非线性密度制约的具HollingⅡ型功能反应的食饵—捕食系统进行了定性分析,给出了唯一正平衡点全局渐近稳定和存在唯一稳定极限环的充分条件,参数的变化是大范围的。     

3-PUU并联机构工作空间分析与优化

提出了一种新型3-PUU并联机器人,对该机器人进行运动学分析,得到了3-PUU并联机器人的运动学反解,在此基础上,分析了移动副和虎克铰对工作空间的限制。采用三维极限搜索法求解了工作空间,并对该并联机器人的工作空间进行了优化分析。结果表明:优化后的工作空间明显增大,该种机器人具有较好的实际应用前景。     

Probing into the Yield Plateau Phenomenon in Commercially Pure Titanium During Tensile Tests

To explain the intrinsic mechanism of the yield plateau phenomenon in commercially pure titanium, the tensile behaviors of commercially pure titanium specimens after 91.6% cryorolling and subsequent annealing at 280 ℃, 335 ℃, 450 ℃ and 600 ℃ have been studied. The results show that the yield plateau phenomenon is a result of dislocation behaviors controlled by grain size and thus only exists within a given range of mean grain size. α grain boundaries are the main dislocation multiplication sources of commercially pure titanium. Fine-grained microstructure could offer numerous dislocation multiplication locations during deformation. Once the applied stress is above the yielding strength, dislocations multiply rapidly and the mobile dislocation density is high. To retrieve the imposed strain rate, the mean dislocation velocity is bound to be low. Therefore, it takes time for them to interact with each other. As a result, the movement of dislocations is hardly blocked and the deformation could continue at a nearly constant applied stress. Consequently, the so-called yield plateau behavior presents in the tensile curves. The disappearance of yield plateau phenomenon in coarse-grained and ultrafi ne-grained microstructures is attributed to the quick realization of the mutual interactions among dislocations at the initial stage of tensile test.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金变温双级蠕变时效模型

针对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金变温双级蠕变时效过程,建立了一种考虑蠕变应变与屈服强度的本构框架,通过实验数据的简单拟合方法获得了模型参数。模型不仅以简单的形式具备了处理蠕变时效过程中的应力松弛、强化响应和温度变化的能力,而且能够应用到有限元软件中模拟构件的蠕变量、屈服强度和回弹。模型结果不仅能够适应不同外加应力下实测的蠕变应变曲线,且有限元模拟结果与实测结果能够很好地吻合。     

Investigations of yield stress,fracture toughness,and energy distribution in high speed orthogonal cutting

This paper presents a novel prediction method of the yield stress and fracture toughness for ductile metal materials through the metal cutting process based on Williams' Model [38]. The fracture toughness of the separation between the segments in serrated chips in high speed machining is then deduced. In addition, an energy conservation equation for high speed machining process, which considers the energy of new created workpiece surfaces, is established. The fracture energy of serrated chips is taken into the developed energy conservation equation. Five groups of experiments are carried out under the cutting speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1500 m/min. The cutting forces are measured using three-dimensional dynamometer and the relevant geometrical parameters of chips are measured with the aid of optical microscope. The experiment results show that the yield stress of machined ductile metal material presents an obviously increasing trend with the cutting speed increasing from 100 to 800 m/min while it decreases when the cutting speed increases to 1500 m/min further. Meanwhile, the fracture toughness between the chip and bulk material displays a slightly increasing tendency. In high speed machining, the fracture toughness of the separation between the segments in serrated chips also presents increasing trend with the increasing cutting speed, whose value is much greater than that between the chip and bulk material. In the end, the distribution of energy spent in cutting process is analyzed which mainly includes such four portions as plastic deformation, friction on the tool–chip interface, new generated surface and chip fracture. The results show that the proportion of plastic deformation is the largest one while it decreases with the cutting speed increasing. However, the proportions of energy spent on new created surface and chip fracture increase due to the increasing of both the chip's fracture area and the fracture toughness.     

Analysis of strengthening in AA6111 during the early stages of aging: Atom probe tomography and yield stress modelling

In this work, a series of aging treatments has been conducted on AA6111 alloy samples for various times at ambient temperature (so-called natural aging) and at temperatures between 60 and 180 °C (artificially aged). The time at artificial ageing was chosen such that samples with approximately the same yield stress were produced. The microstructures of these alloy samples have been carefully characterized using atom probe tomography together with advanced cluster-finding techniques in order to obtain quantitative information about the changes in distribution of both the solute clusters and early-stage precipitates that are formed. The size distribution of clusters has been mapped onto the glide plane and then the stress necessary for a dislocation to pass through the range of obstacles has been estimated using an areal glide model where the dislocation–obstacle interaction strength has been assumed to be related to the obstacle size on the glide plane. It is demonstrated that the contribution of cluster strengthening during artificial aging at higher temperatures is dominated by the high number density of small clusters (Guinier radius <1 nm), whereas the situation during room temperature natural aging is more complex.     

XRD study of variation of strengthening effects in carbonitrided 20Cr3MoVW steel by heat treatment

Abstract

This paper discloses the findings of an XRD investigation of microstructural characteristics and calculations of their contribution to hardening of carbonitrided 20Cr3MoVW steel subjected to three heat treatment conditions. A method for evaluation of the total yield strength using X-ray diffraction data is proposed herein. It is based on a model of the steel strengthening being linearly affected by several microstructure strengthening mechanisms. Analysis of changes in depth profiles of the estimated yield strength with heat treatment is given together with comparison against microhardness distribution in the hardened case.     

Formability prediction of advanced high strength steels using constitutive models characterized by uniaxial and biaxial experiments

Sheet formability, as determined by the limiting dome height (LDH) test, was evaluated for DP and TRIP steel sheet samples. The LDH test was also predicted with finite element (FE) simulations using various constitutive models. Three yield functions, von Mises, Hill's 1948, and Yld2000-2d, were considered to examine the effect of the yield criterion on formability. The anisotropy parameters were determined from different experimental tests and their influences on LDH predictions were analyzed. For Hill's 1948 model, the coefficients were calculated either using the yield stresses or r-values measured in different tension directions. The anisotropy coefficients of the Yld2000-2d were determined using in-plane biaxial test data in addition to the conventional uniaxial test-based data. The stress-strain curves for hardening characterization were measured using uniaxial and bulge tests. The latter provides the flow stress over an extended strain range, compare with uniaxial tension, without showing instability. The constitutive models were implemented in a FE code with a user material subroutine. They were evaluated by comparing the experimental and predicted punch load–displacement and sheet thickness variations after forming in the LDH test. The results for this particular example demonstrated that the non-quadratic yield function and the hardening curve of the bulge test improve the prediction accuracy for sheet forming and formability analyzes significantly.     

咸水灌溉下制种玉米水分利用效率的研究

为了探究石羊河流域地下咸水资源的利用方式,在西北干旱区的石羊河流域开展了咸水灌溉田间试验,通过测定土壤含水率和制种玉米产量指标,研究咸水灌溉对制种玉米耗水量、产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率的影响.研究结果表明:在相同灌溉水量条件下,不同灌水矿化度对制种玉米的耗水量影响不明显;随着灌水矿化度的增加,制种玉米的产量逐渐降低,3 g/L的微咸水灌溉与淡水灌溉相比,减产幅度在20%以下,而9 g/L的高矿化度的咸水灌溉减产幅度在30%以上;水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率具有与产量类似的规律.因此,在研究区短时期采用3 g/L以下的微咸水进行灌溉,对制种玉米减产幅度、水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率的影响较小.     

LB300驱动桥壳疲劳寿命研究

本文结合损伤容限设计方法,计算了一汽集团下属一汽山东汽车改装厂LB300冲焊结构驱动桥的临界裂纹尺寸,及初始裂纹为0.5 mm时驱动桥壳的疲劳寿命。以此为据,结合超声波探伤验证手段,确定了LB300驱动桥壳的缺陷修复限值,经过实践应用,能够有效保证驱动桥壳的疲劳寿命。