烷烃在ZSM-5分子筛上吸附扩散的气相色谱研究

利用气相色谱法测定了不同色谱柱温度和不同载气流速下,C1~12烷烃在ZSM-5分子筛上的保留时间,并利用相关公式对测试结果进行了线性回归分析,测得了吸附热力学参数和扩散系数;考察了色谱柱温度、烷烃碳链长度和载气流速对烷烃在ZSM-5分子筛上吸附扩散的影响。实验结果表明,回归分析的线性相关性良好,色谱柱温度越高,孔道对吸附质的吸附能力越弱;在不同载气流速下,轴向扩散系数不同;随烷烃碳链长度的增加,吸附焓变呈先增大后减小的趋势,轴向扩散系数呈线性增长;C1~12烷烃在ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附焓变在-1.264~-42.975 k J/mol之间;当载气流速为2.654~4.246 cm/s时,C1~4烷烃的轴向扩散系数在0.328 8~0.551 7 cm2/s之间;当载气流速为5.308~13.270 cm/s时,C1~4烷烃的轴向扩散系数在0.430 2~1.456 4 cm2/s之间。     

FCC催化剂新型载体的探索——皂石基复合材料

FCC催化剂的改性主要集中于载体和活性组分,本文旨在合成一种新型复合层柱载体即皂石与微孔分子筛复合结构以改善层柱粘土为载体时稳定性方面的问题。实验结果表明晶化温度为120℃时较适宜;随晶化时间的增长,复合材料的层间距逐渐增大;酸量的变化会影响进入层间的ZSM-5的结构单元的聚集。复合材料的热稳定性和水热稳定性都较皂石有所改善,在催化裂化领域具有较好的应用前景。     

Performance of 3%Mo/ZSM‐5 catalyst in the presence of water during methane aromatization in supersonic jet expansion

The influence of water in the CH₄ feed on the performance of 3%Mo/ZSM‐5 catalyst during methane direct aromatization under supersonic jet expansion (SJE) condition was investigated. We observed that both surface Mo₂O_xC_y and β‐Mo₂C species are catalytically active for methane aromatization under SJE condition. The presence of water can promote the removal of surface carbon before the generation of aromatic‐type and/or graphitic carbon. In appropriate amount, water can improve the stability of surface Mo₂O_xC_y, and hence resulting in better catalytic performance. The study provided valuable information relevant to the direct utilization of methane hydrate. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

XAFS characterization of the binuclear iron complex in overexchanged Fe/ZSM5 – structure and reactivity

We have characterized, with emphasis on XAFS spectroscopy, one of the most promising DeNOx catalysts, i.e., Fe/ZSM5 prepared through the FeCl₃sublimation technique. XAFS is a very useful tool for this purpose since it is element specific and can be used in situ, namely, in the presence of the reactants and at reaction temperature. In this communication it will be pointed out that the as-synthesized Fe/ZSM5 catalyst contains stable binuclear iron oxo/hydroxo-complexes. The reaction of these complexes with the probe molecule CO clearly shows that only one of the oxygen shells around iron changes while the iron contribution is not affected, the iron complex remaining binuclear. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Internal architecture of coffin‐shaped ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals with hourglass contrast unravelled by focused ion beam‐assisted transmission electron microscopy

Optical microscopy, focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the internal architecture in a coffin‐shaped ZSM‐5 crystal showing an hourglass contrast in optical microscopy. Based on parallel lamellas from different positions in the crystal, the orientation relationships between the intergrowth components of the crystal are studied and the internal architecture and growth mechanism are illustrated. The crystal is found to contain two pyramid‐like components aside from a central component. Both pyramid‐like components are rotated by 90° along the common c‐axis and with respect to the central component while the interfaces between the components show local zig‐zag feature, the latter indicating variations in relative growth velocity of the two components. The pyramid‐like intergrowth components are larger and come closer to one another in the middle of the crystal than at the edges, but they do not connect. A model of multisite nucleation and growth of 90° intergrowth components is proposed.     

Selectivity-determining role of C3H8/NO ratio in the reduction of nitric oxide by propane in presence of oxygen over ZSM5 zeolites

The reaction of (NO + C₃H₈ + O₂) can result in selective formation of NO₂ over H-ZSM5, Cu,H-ZSM5, Ag,H-ZSM5, and Li,H-ZSM5 catalysts when the concentrations of NO and O₂ are 0.1 and 9%, SV > 60,000 h⁻¹ (typical for automotive exhausts), and C₃H₈/NO > 1. Despite stoichiometric excess of reductant hydrocarbon below this limit, the in situ formed NO₂ does not react with C₃H₈, thus conversion of NO to N₂ is negligible. NO can be reduced by C₃H₈ selectively to N₂ only when C₃H₈/NO ≧ 1. Contrary to many suggestions the reaction temperature, concentration of oxygen, space velocity, and type of exchange ions have minor influence on the selectivity for N₂. These parameters affect the rates of reactions (NO + ₂), (C₃H₈ + NO_x) and (C₃H₈ + O₂), therefore they also affect the production of N₂ in the HC-SCR process, but only when the ratio of C₃H₈/NO permits. The metal-exchanged zeolites were prepared in situ by solid-state ion exchange from H-ZSM5. Despite the low degree of copper exchange (63%), Cu,H-ZSM5 produces substantially more N₂ than H-ZSM5, Ag,H-ZSM5, or Li,H-ZSM5. However, the selectivity for N₂ is lowest over Cu,H-ZSM5, which also produces considerable NO₂ in the reaction of (NO + C₃H₈ + O₂) even at C₃H₈/NO ≧ 1. Contrary to prior findings, the catalytic activity of Cu,H-ZSM5 for the oxidation of NO by O₂ to NO₂ in absence of hydrocarbon was comparable to that of H-ZSM5 at high space velocities (2.3 l g⁻¹ min⁻¹). By replacing 30 and 40% of the protons of H-ZSM5 by Ag⁺ and Li⁺ ions in Ag,H-ZSM5 and Li,H-ZSM5, respectively, the catalytic activity for this reaction becomes negligible at temperatures ≧100°C. Some mechanistic consequences of these experimental observations are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纯硅ZSM—35沸石的合成及特性研究

利用吸附态模板剂在Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２－ＥＤＡ（乙二胺）的干粉体系中合成了纯硅ＺＳＭ－３５沸石，并采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、ＩＲ等手段对产物的物化特性进行了表征。考察了无机碱及乙二胺用量对纯硅ＺＳＭ－３５沸石合成的影响。通过稳定性实验发现，纯硅ＺＳＭ－３５沸石的热稳定性及耐酸性较好，而耐碱性较差。     

改性HZSM—5上正己烷,正庚烷和甲基环戊烷芳构化反应规律的研究

通过不同的方法对ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛改性，用脉冲微反装置和连续流动固定床积分微反装置考察了硅铝化、载铂量、水热处理、高温焙烧对ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂性能的影响，系统研究了催化剂的表面酸性质、载铂量和反应气氛对反应的影响。通过ＴＰＤ、ＸＲＤ、＾２７Ａｌ ＭＡＳＮＭＲ等方法测试催化剂的物理性质，研究了水热处理、高温焙烧和载铂前后ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛的结构、表面酸性质及其变化的规律，并与反应性能关联，总结     

Hydrogen adsorption in a copper ZSM5 zeolite: An inelastic neutron scattering study

Currently microporous oxidic materials including zeolites are attracting interest as potential hydrogen storage materials. Understanding how molecular hydrogen interacts with these materials is important in the rational development of hydrogen storage materials and is also challenging theoretically. In this paper, we present an incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of the adsorption of molecular hydrogen and hydrogen deuteride (HD) in a copper substituted ZSM5 zeolite varying the hydrogen dosage and temperature. We have demonstrated how inelastic neutron scattering can help us understand the interaction of H₂ molecules with a binding site in a particular microporous material, Cu ZSM5, and by implication of other similar materials. The H₂ molecule is bound as a single species lying parallel with the surface. As H₂ dosing increases, lateral interactions between the adsorbed H₂ molecules become apparent. With rising temperature of measurement up to 70 K (the limit of our experiments), H₂ molecules remain bound to the surface equivalent to a liquid or solid H₂ phase. The implication is that hydrogen is bound rather strongly in Cu ZSM5.

Using the simple model for the anisotropic interaction to calculate the energy levels splitting, we found that the measured rotational constant of the hydrogen molecule is reduced as a consequence of adsorption by the Cu ZSM5.

From the decrease in total signal intensity with increasing temperature, we were able to observe the conversion of para-hydrogen into ortho-hydrogen at paramagnetic centres and so determine the fraction of paramagnetic sites occupied by hydrogen molecules, ca. 60%.     

Zn/H-ZS M-5轻烃芳构化催化剂中Zn与分子筛协同作用的研究

分析了Al2 O3 的加入引起Zn/H ZSM 5催化剂芳构化活性和选择性下降以及稳定性有所改善的原因在于高温焙烧或水热处理 ,使掺有粘结剂氧化铝的Zn/H ZSM 5催化剂表面锌组元的再分布 ,即Al2 O3 上的锌含量增加 ,而处于H ZSM 5沸石上的锌浓度降低。较为系统地探讨了Al2 O3 和ZnO/Al2 O3 的芳构化催化作用以及锌组元和ZnO/Al2 O3的引入对HZSM 5性能的影响。论证了在Zn/H ZSM 5催化剂中只有处于分子筛表面的Zn组元才能同分子筛B酸中心产生协同作用 ,从而改善H ZSM 5分子筛的芳构化活性与选择性 ,而在经过焙烧和水热处理的混有Al2 O3 的Zn/H ZSM 5催化剂中 ,分布在Al2 O3 上的锌组元几乎不与分子筛发生协同作用 ,因而对催化剂的活性与芳构化选择性影响甚小