APF-guided adaptive immune network algorithm for robot path planning

Inspired by the mechanism of Jerne’s idiotypic network hypothesis, a new adaptive immune network algorithm (AINA) is presented through the stimulation and suppression between the antigen and antibody by taking the environment and robot behavior as antigen and antibody respectively. A guiding weight is defined based on the artificial potential field (APF) method, and the guiding weight is combined with antibody vitality to construct a new antibody selection operator, which improves the searching efficiency. In addition, an updating operator of antibody vi-tality is provided based on the Baldwin effect, which results in a positive feedback mechanism of search and accelerates the convergence of the immune network. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is characterized by high searching speed, good convergence performance and strong planning ability, which solves the path planning well in complicated environments.     

"Evaluation of child witnesses for confrontation by criminal defendants": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by M. A. Small and G. B. Melton (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 1994[August], Vol 25[3], 228–233). Footnote 1 incorrectly indicates that the Craig brief was written without the aid of private legal counsel. Though the brief in question was written with more APA member involvement than has been the case for other briefs, private legal counsel participated and was listed as a coauthor. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1994-43476-001.) States have passed legislation governing the procedures by which children may testify in cases of child abuse. In Maryland v. Craig (1990), the US Supreme Court reviewed the constitutionality of these procedures. As a result, psychologists may be asked to perform evaluations regarding the potential trauma a child faces in confronting a defendant in a criminal case. Specifically, opinions of psychologists may be sought as to the potential trauma a child may endure as a result of a face-to-face confrontation with a defendant. Research relevant to this assessment is reviewed, and it is suggested that psychologists may be of most help in preparing children to testify.… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

钛基亚氧化钛电极电化学降解性能研究

采用SEM、EDS对钛基亚氧化钛电极进行形貌和成分表征,用线性极化曲线法和循环伏安法测试电化学性能,通过降解模拟污水测试降解性能以及用荧光光谱法检测自由基。结果表明,钛基亚氧化钛电极上不能发生直接氧化反应,但是电极析氧电位可达2.18 V(vs.SCE),并且检测到生成大量·OH,是一种类似于Ti/SnO_2的惰性电极,在Na Cl和Na2SO4电解质溶液中电流效率分别达40.95%和22.52%,降解效果优于Ti/SnO_2和Ti/Ru Ir电极。     

微观尺度下单晶铜熔点多因素影响的分子动力学模拟研究

基于分子动力学方法,利用嵌入原子势(EAM)函数,在微观尺度下研究了影响单晶铜熔点的多种因素。首先利用势函数计算单晶铜的晶格常数和弹性常数,以此验证本研究所采用势函数的准确性,然后利用能量体积法、径向分布函数法和键对分析技术对模拟得到的结果进行分析,测得单晶铜熔点约为1 380K。分析了模型大小、升温速率、晶体缺陷对铜熔点的影响,研究发现模型大小、升温速率对熔点的影响不大,随着升温速率的增大,达到熔点所需的时间越短。晶体缺陷的存在使金属材料晶格点阵稳定性下降,熔化需要的热量减少,熔点相应降低,与实际熔点情况一致。     

Contextual heat island assessment for pavement preservation

Pavement preservation (PP) is a planned set of construction and material interventions that can extend the pavement’s service life and may also impact sustainability through Heat Island (HI) mitigation. The HI mitigation potential can vary from location-to-location and with time. For agencies to widely adopt the PP, it is necessary to quantify the benefits based on the context of the project. A method to calculate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the HI effect was developed and illustrated for four cities in the US: Chicago, Austin, San Diego and Philadelphia, for hypothetical pavements with three preservation options: chip seals, a concrete inlay, and an asphalt concrete inlay. The use phase GWP with respect to HI was estimated for all cases given a 2-, 5-, 7- or 10-year service life. Overall, the HI in the use phase was found to dominate the total GWP relative to the materials and construction phases. The HI GWP savings increase over time, with the 10-year savings being greatest for San Diego using the concrete inlay (22.5?kg CO₂-eq/m²) and smallest for Chicago with a chip seal (8.0?kg CO₂-eq/m²). The savings were found to increase in areas that have a more pronounced HI and could offset GWP in the other phases. The proposed method allows agencies to estimate HI GWP for a specific preservation strategy, location and service life.     

A new insight into promotion action of Co2+ in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition

A new insight into the promotion action of Co²⁺ on both particle and metal deposition in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition system was analyzed according to electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the addition of Co²⁺ made particles content in deposits increased remarkably. The change of particles content in deposits was related inversely to the change of cathodic zero potential with the increase of the concentration of cobalt sulfate. Zero charge potential of cathode was shifted to much more negative region. The negative shift of the zero potential, combining with positive shift of the zeta potential, increased the electrostatic force between the particle-adsorbed metallic cations and the cathode. It not only benefits to the transportation of particles in solution towards cathode, but also shortens their residence time on cathodic surface. Meanwhile, entry of particles is also promoted. For metals deposition, reduction resistance of metallic cations rises greatly and deposition current at cathodic potentiodynamic polarization decreases after cobalt sulfate has been added into electrolyte. These factors are favorable for increasing particles content in deposits. In addition, physical model of diamond particles deposition state before and after the addition of Co²⁺ has been discussed.     

神经元膜电位噪声取值范围的评估

大脑神经元的活动是在复杂的生理学环境下工作的，而生理学环境中的噪声来源于多个方面．如何定量地正确评估神经系统中的噪声环境是神经信息处理的基本问题．本文通过神经能量的计算给出了噪声对神经元膜电位及对应的能量波形产生显著影响的临界值的估计范围，从而定义了神经元赖以活动的生理学意义上的噪声环境．     

基于数据场的大规模本体映射

针对已有的本体映射方法在处理大规模本体映射任务时效率和有效性较低的问题,文中提出了一个基于数据场的本体映射算法.该算法首先使用高效的相似度算法,建立本体中元素对另一本体的初始相关度;然后,利用数据场势函数引入周围本体元素对当前元素的影响,修正初始相关度,并最终确定本体间的相关子本体;最后,利用针对性的方法对上述相关子本体进行更有效的映射.实验结果表明,该算法可以在提高映射结果质量的同时保证较高的映射效率.     

Use of chemical potential of a compound in potential phase diagrams

Potential phase diagrams, where the chemical potential of a compound is used as an axis, do not obey the usual rules for potential phase diagrams. Examples are presented in order to help the interpretation of such diagrams. The thermodynamic background of the special properties is examined.