Crystallization of amorphous poly(lactic acid) induced by organic solvents

Crystallization of amorphous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated in various organic solvents, such as acetone, ethylacetate, diethylether, tetrahydrofurane, methanol, hexane, toluene, xylene, and o‐dichlorobenene. Most of the solvents, except hexane, induced crystallization of amorphous PLA. Acetone was the most effective solvent to accelerate the crystallization among the solvents used. The crystallization was induced by permeation of acetone into the amorphous phase of PLA, and the permeation obeyed Fick type diffusion. The crystallization rate increased with increasing of conducting temperature. Crystallized PLA formed α crystalline structure. The permeated acetone in the crystallized PLA gradually evaporated as time passes, and the elimination of acetone affected thermal and mechanical properties of the crystallized PLA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

微负压精馏法回收丙酮溶媒

利用压力对丙酮-水体系气液相组成的影响,采用微负压精馏的方法,制备含水率低于0.5%的高纯度丙酮,可以达到比常规方法节能49%以上的效果.     

TS-1催化丙酮氨氧化合成丙酮肟工艺研究

以钛硅分子筛(Ts-1)为催化剂,过氧化氢和丙酮为原料,催化氨氧化合成丙酮肟.对影响合成反应的多个因素进行了考察,合成条件经正交实验优化后丙酮肟产率有了较为明显的提高.结果表明:在反应温度65℃,搅拌转速320 r/min,质量分数30%过氧化氢水溶液滴加3.5～4.5 h,催化剂用量为丙酮质量的40%,n(丙酮):n...     

288.15K-308.15K(Poloxamerl88+乙醇/丙酮+水)三元体系的密度和黏度

The densities and viscosities of ternary systems(Poloxamer 188+ethanol/acetone+water)were meas- ured at 288.15,293.15,298.15,303.15,308.15 K and atmospheric pressure for different mass fractions of Poloxamer 188(0 to 0.02)in aqueous solution and different solvent volume fractions of ethanol/acetone(0 to 0.3)in Poloxamer 188 aqueous solution.The densities were measured by a pycnometer,while the viscosities were measured using two Ubbelohde capillary viscometers.The correlations of density and viscosity of these ternary systems are obtained by fitting the experimental data at different temperatures,mass fractions and volume fractions.     

有机溶剂中树脂催化丙酮氰醇分解反应的动力学模型

Decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin is the first-step reaction for preparing (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (CPBA) by the one-pot method in organic media. Considering the compatibility of bio-catalysts with chemical catalysts and the successive operation in the bioreactor, anion exchange resin (D301) was used as catalyst for this reaction. External diffusion limitation was excluded by raising rotational speed to higher than 190r·min-1 in both solvents. Internal diffusion limitation was verified to be insignificant in this reaction system. The effect of acetone cyanohydrin concentration on the reaction was also investigated. An intrinsic kinetic model was proposed when the mass transfer limitation was excluded, and the average deviation of the model is 10.5%.     

气-质联用对苯胺与丙酮缩合反应产物分析

质谱仪作为一种有效的化合物结构分析手段,在有机合成、天然产物分析及生物活性大分子结构鉴定中起着举足轻重的作用。本文利用GC—MS对苯胺与丙酮缩合反应的产物进行了结构分析。     

应用固相微萃取技术测定磷脂中丙酮残留量

采用固相微萃取气相色谱法测定磷脂中的丙酮残留量。实验结果表明 ,方法的检出限为0 4 3μg·g-1,RSD值为 3 0 %。在 0～ 30 0 μg·g-1范围内线性良好 ,回收率为 97 3%～ 10 4 %。该法简单、灵敏、准确可行 ,可应用于粉状磷脂的丙酮残留测定。     

共溶剂对聚乳酸相对分子质量及热性能的影响

以超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO2)为载体,分别以丙酮、无水乙醚、六氟异丙醇为共溶剂,合成聚乳酸(PLLA),并采用FT-IR、GPC和DSC等对所获得的聚合物进行了相对分子质量测定和结构性能表征,探讨了3种共溶剂对用SC-CO2为溶剂合成的PLLA相对分子质量及热性能的影响。结果表明,共溶剂对PLLA的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布指数以及热性能影响较大;以丙酮为共溶剂时,可以获得最高相对分子质量为47 690且热性能较好的PLLA。     

以纳米二氧化锆为载体的Pd催化剂制备及还原缩合性能研究

考察了不同制备方法得到的纳米二氧化锆为载体担载Pd催化剂对丙酮还原缩合的影响。纳米二氧化锆的制备方法对二氧化锆的物理性质和催化性能有较大的影响。不同的沉淀方法、陈化环境制备的纳米ZrO2,对不同的产物有不同的选择性,其中,在母液中373K陈化的二氧化锆为载体的催化剂对二异丁基酮(DIBK)的选择性较高,为61 43%;沉淀剂滴加到盐溶液中得到的二氧化锆为载体的催化剂对甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)的选择性较高,为63 70%。催化剂的酸性和Pd分散度表征结果表明,较高的Pd分散度、合适的酸性有利于MIBK的生成,较高的Pd分散度、较强的酸性有利于DIBK的生成。     

Kinetics of Isophorone Synthesis via Self‐Condensation of Supercritical Acetone

A kinetic study on isophorone synthesis via self‐condensation of supercritical acetone catalyzed by aqueous KOH in a tubular flow reactor was conducted. The intention was to improve the isophorone selectivity, with the main approach to reduce the by‐products higher‐boiling than isophorone. A higher isophorone selectivity was obtained with increased reaction temperature. The structures of main products were determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The key reaction pathways and a corresponding kinetic model were proposed. The fitted apparent activation energies indicated the reason of isophorone selectivity improvement in that high temperature favors reversion of reversible by‐products.