酮苯脱蜡装置挖潜增效可采用的措施

酮苯脱蜡装置近年技术进展主要集中在降低能耗、更新设备及控制策略方面。工艺进展主要是两段过滤、全滤液循环、助滤剂应用、渗透膜溶剂回收、室温脱蜡等。设备方面的进展主要是套管结晶器、真空过滤机、螺杆压缩机高效能。控制方面的进展主要是以计算机为中心的现代过程控制技术如智能自动优化、仿真技术等。对国内酮苯脱蜡装置的挖潜改造提出了建议。     

Antioxidative activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) extracts in rapeseed oil

The antioxidant activity (AA) of acetone oleoresins (AcO) and deodorised acetone extracts (DAE) of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) were tested in refined, bleached and deodorised rapeseed oil applying the Schaal Oven Test and weight gain methods at 80 °C and the Rancimat method at 120 °C. The additives (0.1 wt‐%) of plant extracts stabilised rapeseed oil efficiently against its autoxidation; their effect was higher than that of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (0.02%). AcO and DAE obtained from the same herbal material extracted a different AA. The activity of sage and borage DAE was lower than that of AcO obtained from the same herb, whereas the AA of savory DAE was higher than that of savory AcO. The effect of the extracts on the oil oxidation rate measured by the Rancimat method was less significant. In that case higher concentrations (0.5 wt‐%) of sage and savory AcO were needed to achieve a more distinct oil stabilisation.     

应用固相微萃取技术测定磷脂中丙酮残留量

采用固相微萃取气相色谱法测定磷脂中的丙酮残留量。实验结果表明 ,方法的检出限为0 4 3μg·g-1,RSD值为 3 0 %。在 0～ 30 0 μg·g-1范围内线性良好 ,回收率为 97 3%～ 10 4 %。该法简单、灵敏、准确可行 ,可应用于粉状磷脂的丙酮残留测定。     

Acetone Ingestion Mimics a Fasting State to Improve Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Gestational Hyperglycemia

Gestational diabetes mellitus results, in part, from a sub-optimal β-cell mass (BCM) during pregnancy. Artemisinins were reported to increase BCM in models of diabetes by α- to β-cell conversion leading to enhanced glucose tolerance. We used a mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance to compare the effects of an artemisinin (artesunate) on glycemia of pregnant mice with vehicle treatment (acetone) or no treatment. Animals were treated daily from gestational days (GD) 0.5 to 6.5. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed prior to euthanasia at GD18.5 or post-partum. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved in both pregnant and non-pregnant mice with both artesunate and vehicle-alone treatment, suggesting the outcome was primarily due to the acetone vehicle. In non-pregnant, acetone-treated animals, improved glucose tolerance was associated with a higher BCM and a significant increase in bihormonal insulin and glucagon-containing pancreatic islet cells, suggesting α- to β-cell conversion. BCM did not differ with treatment during pregnancy or post-partum. However, placental weight was higher in acetone-treated animals and was associated with an upregulation of apelinergic genes. Acetone-treated animals had reduced weight gain during treatment despite comparable food consumption to non-treated mice, suggesting transient effects on nutrient uptake. The mean duodenal and ileum villus height was reduced following exposure to acetone. We conclude that acetone treatment may mimic transient fasting, resulting in a subsequent improvement in glucose tolerance during pregnancy.     

Metallic Zinc Anode Working at 50 and 50 mAh cm−2 with High Depth of Discharge via Electrical Double Layer Reconstruction

Achieving high-rate and high-areal-capacity Zn anode with high depth of discharge (DOD) offers a bright future for large-scale aqueous batteries. However, Zn deposition suffers from severe dendrite growth and side reactions, which compromises achievable lifetime. Herein, an electrical double layer (EDL) reconstruction strategy is proposed by employing acetone as electrolyte additive to fully address these issues. Experimental and theoretical simulation results reveal that the adsorption priority of acetone to water on Zn creates a water-poor inner Helmholtz layer. Meanwhile, the intense hydrogen bonding effect between acetone and water confines the activity of free water and weakens the Zn²⁺ solvation in the outer Helmholtz layer and diffusion layer. Such ion/molecule rearrangement in EDL suppresses hydrogen evolution, facilitates the desolvation process, and promotes the Zn²⁺ diffusion kinetics, which guides homogeneous Zn nucleation and uniform growth, even in extreme situations. At both ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm⁻² and areal capacity of 50 mAh cm⁻², the addition of 20 v/v% acetone in 2 m ZnSO₄ extends the lifespan of Zn//Zn symmetric cells from 12 to 800 h, with a high DOD of 73.5%. The effectiveness of this strategy is further demonstrated in the Zn-MnO₂ full batteries at wide temperature range from −30 to 40 °C.