活性炭负载纳米TiO2光催化降解气相丙酮

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Fe、N离子共掺杂的以活性炭(AC)为载体的光催化剂(TiO2/AC),在紫外光照射下进行了气相丙酮的光催化降解研究。探讨了丙酮初始质量浓度、紫外光光强、催化剂用量、反应器内湿度等因素对其降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对丙酮的降解效果;紫外光光强的增加对丙酮降解率有一定提高;使用3g光催化剂,丙酮的初始质量浓度为39.40mg/L;反应器内相对湿度为63%时,丙酮的降解效果最好,降解反应155min后丙酮的降解率达92.63%;催化剂循环使用6次后丙酮的降解率为83.91%。     

丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂的失活机理

为研究丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮Pd/Al2O3催化剂的失活机理,采用BET,XRD,SEM,O2-TPO等方法,对反应前后的催化剂进行了表征。表征结果表明,反应前后催化剂中的Pd含量没有明显变化,而反应后的催化剂表面织构变化较大,反应后的催化剂孔体积减小、平均孔径增大,Al2O3载体形态由γ型转化为羟基氧化铝的形态;同时,反应后的催化剂表面存在一定的高沸物。因此,催化剂加氢能力降低的主要原因是载体Al2O3形态的变化和催化剂表面包覆的高沸物,造成加氢活性中心减少。     

Continuous liquid-phase valorization of bio-ethanol towards bio-butanol over metal modified alumina

Commercial mixed-phase aluminum oxide was used as a heterogeneous catalyst support, providing slightly basic properties which are well-suited for the condensation of bio-ethanol to C₄ hydrocarbons, such as 1-butanol. Different metals (Cu, Ni and Co), at various metal loadings were deposited on the support. Consequently, the catalytic reactions were carried out in a continuous laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor operated at 240 °C and 70 bar. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS and ICP-OES. Different metals were found to give entirely different product distributions. With the best catalysts, the selectivities towards 1-butanol close to 70% were reached, while the ethanol conversion typically varied between 10 and 30% – strongly depending on the metal applied. It was observed that low loading of copper and high loading of nickel were responsible for the formation of 1-butanol, whereas cobalt and high loading of copper resulted in the production of ethyl acetate. The reaction was found to be extremely sensitive to catalyst preparation conditions and procedures such as metal loading, calcination/reduction temperature and, thereby, to the formation of corresponding crystallite structure.     

茜草丙酮提取物抑菌活性及机制的研究

目的:对茜草丙酮提取物的抑菌活性及机理进行研究,为茜草资源开发利用提供科学依据。方法:用滤纸片法和刃天青指示剂法测定抑菌圈和MIC、MBC研究抑菌活性,并进一步通过生长曲线的绘制,电导率值的变化和细胞内容物渗漏的测定研究提取物的抑菌机理。结果:通过抑菌圈、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度的测定,发现茜草提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用最强,其次是表面葡萄球菌,最差是蜡样芽孢杆菌。枯草芽孢杆菌的生长曲线,菌液电导率及其细胞内容物的变化趋势检测结果表明:抑菌机理可能源于抑制细菌的对数生长期分裂速度,导致细胞膜渗透性的增加和细胞内容物的外漏。本研究结果表明:茜草丙酮提取物作为天然抗菌剂有很大的应用潜力。      

盐藻β-胡萝卜素提取及自由基清除能力研究

对盐藻β-胡萝卜素的微波提取工艺和提取液的自由基清除能力进行了研究。选择丙酮为提取溶剂,微波辅助提取盐藻β-胡萝卜素的最优条件为:微波功率500 W、液固比250 m L/g、提取温度40℃、提取时间8 min和搅拌速度180 r/min,此时盐藻β-胡萝卜素得率为1.13%,高于传统的溶剂浸提法;三种体外抗氧化体系（还原力、羟自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力）结果表明,微波提取和传统溶剂浸提得到的盐藻β-胡萝卜素提取液的还原力、羟自由基清除能力和抗脂质过氧化能力之间没有显著差异（p>0.05）,但2种提取液的自由基清除能力均高于同浓度的β-胡萝卜素标准品溶液,说明盐藻β-胡萝卜素提取液中还含有其他具有良好抗氧化活性的物质,但其自由基清除能力均低于同浓度的维生素C和BHT溶液。      

用Delphi 6.0+object Pascal语言开发的丙酮碘化实验软件

利用Delphi6．0 object Pascal语言开发的丙酮碘化实验软件。本软件利用Delphi6．0所带的控件,实现了从分光光度计数据直接采集到数据处理,图形化显示及结果处理一整套过程,利用该软件和所配套的实验设施,可方便地开展丙酮碘化实验。该软件不需要任何应用软件支持,可以在Windows98／XP下直接运行,具有界面友好,操作方便,图形化显示,运行稳定性很好等优点。     

HS-SPME-GC法测定氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量

采用顶空—固相微萃取—气相色谱联用技术测定了氨苄西林钠中丙酮和异丙醇残留量。使用100μmPDMS萃取头,顶空平衡温度为60℃,萃取时间为40 min,2m×3 mm(i.d.)不锈钢色谱柱、内填充10%丁二酸乙二醇聚酯/202酸洗红色担体。外标法定量,丙酮测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.43%,在0.1μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.979 9,回收率为97.8%~103%;异丙醇测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.88%,在0.2μg/g~20μg/g范围时,色谱峰面积与质量浓度之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数(R2)为0.980 2,回收率为95.7%~101%。     

Ni/D152树脂炭化催化剂的制备及其对异丙醇脱氢反应的催化性能

以Ni(NO₃)₂ 溶液及D152树脂为原料,采用柱上离子交换法制备Ni/D152树脂。将该树脂在N₂保护下炭化,然后用H₂活化制备得到Ni/D152树脂炭化催化剂。用DSC、XRD和SEM等分析测试手段对催化剂的制备过程及结构进行表征,用异丙醇脱氢为模型反应考察了Ni/D152树脂炭化催化剂的性能。结果表明,当树脂负载Ni质量分数为35.2%,N₂保护下500 ℃炭化30 min,在H₂气氛中活化70 min,制得的Ni/D152树脂炭化催化剂对异丙醇脱氢反应具有较好的活性。对100 mL异丙醇,当催化剂用量为1.5 g,反应温度220 ℃和反应时间1 h,丙酮收率为12.5%,选择性为100%。     

国内外丙酮生产现状与市场分析

2003年全球丙酮的总产能为560万t/a,按地区分布为北美33%,西欧29%,东欧14%,日本9%,其他15%。丙酮主要用做溶剂,其次是生产丙酮氰醇、MMA和双酚A。2004年我国丙酮的产能为30.1万t/a,主要生产厂家有上海高桥石化、燕山石化、吉林化学工业公司和哈尔滨华宇股份有限公司。双酚A的消费需求将拉动丙酮的需求,预计2008年我国丙酮的产能将达到61.2万t/a。     

Optimisation of tripalmitin‐rich fractionation from palm stearin by response surface methodology

BACKGROUND: Solvent fractionation is effective in improving separation at low temperature, resulting in higher yield and purity of the final product. Tripalmitin (PPP) is an important substrate for the synthesis of human milk fat substitute (HMFS). In this study a fraction rich in PPP was separated from palm stearin by solvent fractionation. RESULTS: The PPP‐rich fraction was concentrated from palm stearin by acetone fractionation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise PPP purity (Y₁, %) and PPP content (Y₂, g kg^?1 palm stearin) with the independent variables fractionation temperature (X₁, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and weight ratio of palm stearin to acetone (X₂, 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9). The predictive models for PPP purity and PPP content of the solid fraction were adequate and reproducible, with no significant lack of fit and satisfactory levels of R². PPP purity showed a positive correlation with temperature and acetone ratio, whereas PPP content exhibited a negative correlation. The optimised fractionation condition for a targeted PPP‐rich fraction with > 92% PPP purity and > 225 g kg^?1 PPP content from palm stearin was predicted. CONCLUSION: The RSM model for optimising PPP purity and PPP content in the PPP‐rich fraction from palm stearin by acetone fractionation was valid. The scaled‐up PPP‐rich fraction obtained can be used as a substrate for the synthesis of 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol, which is a main component of HMFS in infant formulas. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry