塔河油田酸化压裂工艺现状及研究

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层具有埋藏深、地温高、低渗透,非均质性强的特点。采用胶凝酸体系和变粘酸体系,根据储层类型不同,采用酸化压裂技术沟通裂缝,提高导流能力,达到增产的目的。酸压施工成功率95%,有效率60%,增产的原油占油田日产量40%,为油田增加探明储量1×108t。从而成为油田开发、稳产和增产的主要措施之一。     

天津爱普生有限公司油墨废水处理方案及运行情况

天津爱普生有限公司废水治理工程设计水量5t／d，废水浓度高，水质、水量变化大。采用水解酸化-生物接触氧化处理工艺对天津爱普生有限公司废水进行处理，进水CODCr，平均为2500mg／L左右，CODCr去除率≥90％，排水各项指标均符合国家污水综合排放标准GB8978-1996的二级排放要求。     

无破胶剂聚合物压裂液的研究

在合成了由短链分子聚合和交联的新型无破胶剂压裂液的基础上,考察了增稠剂浓度、交联剂用量对压裂液性能的影响,评价了新型无破胶剂压裂液的综合性能。结果表明,当增稠剂浓度在2.0%以上,交联剂浓度增加,液体的粘度迅速增大;无破胶剂压裂液在170 s-1的剪切速率下120 min后仍具有较好的剪切稀释性;新型无破胶剂压裂液与常规的胍胶相比,同样具有滤失量低的特点,在90℃下,压裂液仍有较好的携砂能力;其还具有表面活性剂清洁压裂液无残渣、易返排的特点。此外,该压裂使用方便,还可再生重复使用。     

新型破乳-助排剂的研制及其在吉林油田的应用

储层压裂改造是低渗透油气藏增产的重要技术,压裂后使地层中的滤液及时返排能够降低油气流动阻力,增加油气井产量,压裂液的压后返排率的高低直接影响压裂增产效果。目前采用添加破乳剂和助排剂的方法提高返排率。为了降低成本、减少伤害,本文通过对压裂液体系中的破乳剂、助排剂进行优化,筛选出新型破乳-助排剂。采用新型破乳-助排剂,达到一剂两效的作用。现场应用情况表明该技术效果良好。本文分析了破乳剂和助排剂的作用机理,以及新型破乳-助排剂的性能。     

Treatment of methanol wastewater with two-stage and two-phase anaerobic process

The two-stage and two-phase anaerobic process (TSTP) composed of hydrolytic acidification reactor,first-order and second-order external circulation anaerobic reactors (EC) was taken to treat methanol wastewater. Test results show that TSTP process is quick start-up in 51 d, and the maximum VFA of hydrolytic acidification reactor effluent reaches 876 mg/L. Under the condition of volume loading of 6.56 kgCOD/m3·d, COD removal rate of the first-order EC reactor is about 85%, and under the condition of volume loading of 1.02 kgCOD/m3·d, COD removal rate of the second-order EC reactor is about 50%. When the inflow COD of TSTP process is between 7000-11000 mg/L, its effluent COD is lower than 600 mg/L. In the biological conversion process of methanol into methane,the production of acetic acids as an intermediate product can be ignored and the direct production of methane from methanol is predominant.     

Prevention and forecasting of rock burst hazards in coal mines

Rock bursts signify extreme behavior in coal mine strata and severely threaten the safety of the lives of miners, as well as the effectiveness and productivity of miners. In our study, an elastic-plastic-brittle model for the deformation and failure of coal/rock was established through theoretical analyses, laboratory experiments and field testing, simulation and other means, which perfectly predict sudden and delayed rock bursts. Based on electromagnetic emission (EME), acoustic emission (AE) and microseism (MS) effects in the process from deformation until impact rupture of coal-rock combination samples, a multi-parameter identification of premonitory technology was formed, largely depending on these three forms of emission. Thus a system of classification for forecasting rock bursts in space and time was established. We have presented the intensity weakening theory for rock bursts and a strong-soft-strong (3S) structural model for controlling the impact on rock surrounding roadways, with the objective of laying a theoretical foundation and establishing references for parameters for the weakening control of rock bursts. For the purpose of prevention, key technical parameters of directional hydraulic fracturing are revealed. Based on these results, as well as those from deep-hole controlled blasting in coal seams and rock, integrated control techniques were established and anti-impact hydraulic props, suitable for roadways subject to hazards from rockbursts have also been developed. These technologies have been widely used in most coal mines in China, subject to these hazards and have achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.     

HABR反应器处理高质量浓度有机废水

目的 研究采用复合式折流板反应器(HABR)处理可生化的高质量浓度有机废水,为处理高质量浓度有机废水提供费用低、效果好的反应器.方法 对各个隔室及整个反应器的污水处理效果,反应器内的污泥特性,反应器内碱度和酸化关系进行试验.结果 HABR反应器污泥产率低,并且能形成一定量的颗粒污泥,污泥不易流失,能在HABR反应器内保持高的污泥量,HABR反应器在HRT(水力停留时间)为36 h,COD容积负荷(VLR)为10 kg/(m3·d),进水pH=7.0时,对CODcr依然有很高处理效果,其CODcr去除率稳定在95%左右.结论 带有填料的HABR反应器无论在启动过程和稳定运行阶段都表现出比ABR更好的效果,具有更高的稳定性.     

伊陕斜坡气田压裂施工中泵压异常的技术对策

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡气田压裂施工中在工作液、设备配合正常的情况下出现泵压异常升高的原因分析,采用降低施工泵压的工艺技术对策,解决了该区块压裂施工中泵压异常升高而发生砂堵的难题,确保了现场压裂施工的顺利进行,达到了对气层改造的目的。     

分区进水对ABR水解酸化效果影响的研究

试验采用四格室厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）,以单侧进水ABR对比研究了四点进水方式对ABR反应器的水解酸化功能的影响.结果表明,分区进水方式增强了ABR反应器的水解酸化功能,出水中VFA主要以甲酸、乙酸为主,COD的去除率高于单侧进水ABR。     

卡拉水电站地下厂房初始应力场反演分析

初始地应力场特征是地下工程稳定分析中最重要的条件,为了评价开挖后地下洞室的围岩稳定及支护设计的长期安全,需要对围岩的初始地应力场进行反演。在对雅砻江卡拉水电站工程区地应力实测值进行分析的基础上,根据世界地应力图和GPS地表监测数据所确定的区域地应力特征,选取地下厂房区域测试可靠、具有代表性、离厂房区域较近的实测点作为初始地应力数值反演分析的回归对象,结合反演分析原理,获得整个地下厂房区域的地应力场分布特征。通过对比数值计算值和实测成果可知：测点地应力的大小和方向拟合程度较好,分布规律大致相同,表明采用数值反演分析方法的合理性。分析成果为地下厂房洞室群的布置、开挖支护设计等提供了依据。