利用玉米秸秆制备高吸水树脂

将玉米秸秆预处理后与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂,采用单因素实验确定了合成条件中各因素的最佳水平:θ=45℃,引发剂中过硫酸钾用量为单体质量的0.8%,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)用量为单体质量的0.6%,m(AA)∶m(玉米秸秆)=8∶1,丙烯酸中和度为70%,t=4 h。对最佳条件下制备的树脂进行了性能测试,对秸秆预处理前后及产物进行了扫描电镜分析。结果表明,该树脂具有良好的吸水、保水性能,吸水率最高达到291 g.g-1,吸盐水率达到49 g.g-1。     

Ar等离子体对聚四氟乙烯膜的表面改性

聚四氟乙烯（町FE）膜经Ar等离子体预处理,与空气接触氧化后再接枝丙烯酸（AA）可改善其表面亲水性．通过接枝率的测定,考察了不同等离子体处理条件和接枝反应条件对膜表面接枝率的影响,并通过接触角的测定分析了PTFE膜表面亲水性的变化．结果表明,胛FE膜在放电功率为100W、放电时间为100s、Ar气体流量为20cm^3／min和接枝反应温度为60％、时间为6h、丙烯酸浓度10％的条件下,接枝率为10．565μg／cm^2,接枝效果最佳．门FE膜改性后接触角由110°降至60°左右,亲水性得到了大幅提高．     

双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯的合成研究

采用酰氯法合成双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯．实验考察了原料配比、反应温度以及阻聚剂的用量等因素对产品酯化率的影响,确定了适宜的反应条件．酯化反应的酯化率最高可达89％．生成的产物为浅黄色黏稠状液体．产物经红外光谱、质谱定性分析,确定为目的产物．     

纳米聚丙烯酸酯微乳液改性纳米CaCO3研究

分别采用聚丙烯酸酯乳液和纳米级聚丙烯酸酯微乳液对纳米CaCO3进行改性,通过红外光谱分析、热重分析和扫描电镜分析研究改性纳米CaCO3的结构和性能。结果表明,改性后的纳米CaCO3由亲水疏油性变为亲油疏水性,纳米级聚丙烯酸酯微乳液与纳米CaCO3粒子表面发生了化学反应,并包覆到纳米CaCO3粒子表面。     

改进干法腈纶纤维颜色的研究

国产干法腈纶纤维“b”颜色值与进口样品有较大差距,根据原料工艺路线、化学反应机理,对影响腈纶纤维尊色变化的原因进行了分析,找出了主要影响纤维颜色的因素,对纤维颜色增深产生在纺丝原液制备过程的若干因素,进行定性和定量分析,解决了干法腈纶纤维“b”颜色值高的问题,提出进一步增加腈纶纤维白度的实用性生产方法。     

Intermacromolecular complexes by in situ polymerization

Hydrogen-bonded complexes of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(ethyl oxazoline) (PEOx) were prepared by photopolymerization of acrylic acid in which PEOx was dissolved. The glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the complexes are not only higher than those of the blends but also higher than the T_g value of either component polymer. The complexes dissolve in strong proton-accepting solvents like dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), are swollen to various degrees in water and methanol, but are resistant to swelling by dioxane. When the density of hydrogen bond donor groups in the chain is reduced by 50% with the use of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, intermolecular association still takes place, although the affinity of complexation is reduced to some extent. When interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) are prepared by this method, about half of the PEOx can be extracted by DMSO after 4 days. The incomplete removal is probably a result of topographical constraints against diffusion.     

Effect of Water on the Partial Oxidation of Propane to Acrylic and Acetic Acids on Mo-V-Sb-Nb Mixed Oxides

It is shown that the major effect of water in the oxidation of propane to acrylic and acetic acids on Mo₁V_0.3Sb_0.25Nb_0.08O _n catalysts is to stabilise the active sites and increase the rates of formation of both acids. The usual effect of favoring desorption of the products is considered to be secondary.     

Change in the molecular weight distribution of poly(ethylene oxide) caused by the complexation with poly(acrylic acid)

The complexation between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was made by using double the molar quantity of either polymer component at pH 2 where the resulting complex completely precipitates. After the removal of the precipitate, PEO or PAA remaining in the supernatant was subjected to gel permeation chromatography to investigate the change in the molecular weight distribution (MWD) caused by the complexation. No remarkable difference is observed in the MWD curves for PEO[1] (M_w=1.37 × 10⁴) before and after the complexation with PAA[1] (M_w=1.10 × 10³) and PAA[2] (M_w=4.16 × 10⁵). However, the MWD curves of PEO[2] (M_w=1.26 × 10⁵) and PAA[2] become shortened and shift to the low molecular weight side after the complexation with PAA[1] or [2] and PEO[2], respectively. This tendency is enhanced by increasing the complexation temperature. From these results, it is indicated that the complexation between PEO and PAA deals with an equilibrium reaction, and the equilibrium constant is dependent on the chain length of both polymer components and also on the complexation temperature.     

The use of wood pulp and radiation‐modified starch in wastewater treatment

Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of maize starch/acrylic acid has been performed. Also, natural byproduct wood pulp was used after chemical treatment for the removal of metal ions from the investigated wastewater. The surface and structure morphology of the wood pulp and starch/acrylic acid were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The physical parameters, such as swelling, gel percentage, and grafting efficiency (%) of starch/acrylic acid copolymer, were studied. The factors affecting the abilities of the prepared materials for removing heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions were studied. It was found that the maximum metal uptake is in the following sequence: Fe³⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The adsorption capacity of such investigated metal ions increases with the increase of pH values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

聚合工艺对室温交联丙烯酸乳胶漆性能的影响

研究了无皂、微皂和常规二种乳液聚合工艺对以双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为交联单体、己二酰肼为固化剂的室温交联丙烯酸乳胶漆性能的影响。研究表明：采用常规乳液聚合涂膜的光泽较高，而采用无皂和微皂乳液聚合涂膜的耐水性较好，涂料的起泡性较低。