无机纳米抗菌剂及其载体

综述了无机纳米抗菌剂及其载体的最近研究进展。无机纳米抗菌剂主要包括光催化型和金属型,抗菌剂载体主要有沸石、二氧化硅、磷酸盐系、壳聚糖、脂质体和聚合物等。具体介绍了金属型和光催化型这两类无机纳米抗菌剂的抗菌机理、抗菌特性及研究现状等,并概述了当下无机纳米抗菌剂载体的主要种类和特点,同时对无机纳米抗菌剂的研究方向进行了展望...     

表面化学改性活性炭在水处理中的应用

介绍表面化学改性活性炭研究进展,针对其特点和改性方法作了系统描述.在此基础上,对其去除水中有机物、重金属离子、亚硝酸盐等污染物质做了简要说明.     

型煤气化试烧小结

介绍焦炭炉改型煤和富氧气化的工艺试验。总结试验中存在的问题,提出相应的改进措施。改烧型煤后可缓解焦炭原料来源紧张、价格高的问题。     

焦炭还原焙烧锰矿制备硫酸锰及其机理

以非洲进口锰矿为原料,焦炭为还原剂,进行还原焙烧、硫酸浸出制备硫酸锰溶液。探究焦炭配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对锰还原效果的影响,确定最佳工艺参数,并对焙烧反应体系进行热力学分析及对浸出过程进行动力学分析。结果表明,最佳的焙烧条件为：焦炭配比15%、800℃焙烧60 min,锰的还原率达到97.84%。焙烧体系反应都是自发进行的,表观活化能为22.458 6 kJ/mol,且浸出过程受内扩散控制,动力学方程为：1-2x/3-(1-x)^2/3=8.48exp(-22458.6/RT)×t。     

Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.     

山东球墨铸铁管有限公司焦炭货场改造

山东球墨铸铁管有限公司350m^3高炉投产后,原有的焦炭货场场地小,而焦炭用量增大、供货厂家增多,无法做到混匀人炉。通过采取对焦炭进行分区管理和高架布料混匀改造后,焦炭质量趋向稳定;焦末的生成量从1318％降低到8．9％,提高了焦炭的利用率;同时焦比降低。     

现行焦炭强度指标在太钢高炉的适用性探讨

重点论述了焦炭反应性在高炉碱金属循环富集条件下的变化,并根据国内外研究提出的反应性会发生逆转的概念,分析了太钢高炉生产的实际情况,明确了现行焦炭强度指标对太钢高炉生产的指导意义。     

盐+碱协同对多孔碳电极材料电化学性能的影响

超级电容器作为一类新兴的能量存储转换器件,因其充放电速度快、寿命长和安全环保的特点而受到推崇。其中,用于超级电容器的电极材料一直是人们的研究重点,综合原料来源、价格和制备工艺等因素,多孔碳电极材料成为首选。盐模板法和KOH化学活化法都是制备多孔碳电极常用的方法,前者产物的孔结构以介孔为主,但操作复杂;后者活化产物比表面积大,可以精确控制多孔碳电极的孔径分布和孔体积,但该法活化后的多孔碳多以微孔为主。若将两者结合,形成优势互补,协同构建合理的碳材料结构,有助于提升多孔碳电极的电化学性能。以锂电负极行业的固废——针状焦的生焦粉为原料,利用模板和化学活化相结合的方法制备电极材料,探索盐（KCl）和碱（KOH）的添加比例对碳电极材料电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种方法相结合制备得到的多孔碳样品的碳结构以表面缺陷较多的无定型碳为主。随着KOH加入量的增加,无定型结构的碳增加,但是加入过量的KOH并不能提高无定型碳的含量。三电极测试分析发现,样品PC-2表现出优异的电容性能,在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,质量比电容达到266.9 A·g^-1;在10 A·g^-1的高电流密度下,容量保持率高达79.4%。该电极材料的内阻仅为0.67 Ω,并且双电层电容性能有极短的响应时间。当m(生焦粉)∶m(KCl)∶m(KOH)=1∶3∶2时,KCl和KOH的协同活化效果达到了最佳,显著提高了碳电极材料电荷的传输能力,且能有效地缩短电解质离子在材料内部的扩散路径,表现出较快的充放电速度。     

The Pro-Inflammatory Deletion Allele of the NF-κB1 Polymorphism Is Characterized by a Depletion of Subunit p50 in Sepsis

The functionally important NF-κB1 promoter polymorphism (−94ins/delATTG) significantly shapes inflammation and impacts the outcome of sepsis. However, exploratory studies elucidating the molecular link of this genotype-dependent pattern are lacking. Accordingly, we analyzed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy volunteers (n = 20) and septic patients (n = 10). All individuals were genotyped for the −94ins/delATTG NF-κB1 promoter polymorphism. We found a diminished nuclear activity of the NF-κB subunit p50 in ID/DD genotypes after 48 h of lipopolysaccharide stimulation compared to II genotypes (p = 0.025). This was associated with higher TNF-α (p = 0.005) and interleukin 6 concentrations (p = 0.014) and an increased production of mitochondrial radical oxygen species in ID/DD genotypes (p = 0.001). Although ID/DD genotypes showed enhanced activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, they still had a significantly diminished cellular ATP content (p = 0.046) and lower mtDNA copy numbers (p = 0.010) compared to II genotypes. Strikingly, these findings were mirrored in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from septic patients. Our results emphasize the crucial aspect of considering NF-κB subunits in sepsis. We showed here that the deletion allele of the NF-κB1 (−94ins/delATTG) polymorphism was associated with the lower nuclear activity of subunit p50, which, in turn, was associated with aggravated inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction.     

6m焦炉推焦机的结构特点及优化设计

介绍了6 m焦炉推焦机的结构特点。通过规范主动齿轮与齿条的啮合、规范走行轨道和推焦杆支辊的标高、调节滑履高度和在推焦杆两侧加装耐热材料可以解决推焦杆振动和推焦杆中前部立板产生裂纹的问题。