LF-NMR to explore water migration and water–protein interaction of lamb meat being air-dried at 35°C

To decrease the drying time and energy consuming, water migration and water–protein interactions of lamb meat being air-dried at 35°C were investigated. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance T_2b indicated the water–protein interactions changed during air-drying. Area of T₂₁ (intramyofibrillar water) decreased, meanwhile the area of T₂₂ (extra-myofibrillar water) increased when the moisture content decreased from 55 to 45%, indicating the water migrated from myofibril to extramyofibril. Drying rate (the rate of water migration from meat to air) could be predicted by the area of T₂ populations, and the correlation coefficient was 0.990. Change of water binding and hydration in myofibrils was evident by the increase in hydrophobicity and decrease in solubility of myofibrillar protein. Differential scanning calorimetry showed denaturation of myosin in dried meat which might result in water migration from myofibril to extramyofibril space. In conclusion, water–protein interactions changed, and then influenced the drying rate during drying.     

基于用户特征和时间权重的协同过滤算法

为了解决传统算法中寻找最近邻居不准确和用户兴趣随时间变化而迁移的问题,提出一种基于用户特征和时间权重的协同过滤算法。文中首先把Movie Lens数据集中用户特征信息数字化,求出用户特征相似性,将其加入到修正的余弦公式中,得到一种新的用户相似度,以找到更加准确的最近邻居集;然后通过引入时间函数来反应用户的兴趣迁移,再根据预测评分公式来获得更加准确的预测评分;最后给用户生成一个较可靠的推荐结果。实验结果表明,该方法取得了较好的效果且平均绝对误差(MAE)值达到72.57%。     

Numerical approach to describe continuous and intermittent drying including the tempering period: Kinetics and spatial distribution of moisture

Continuous and intermittent drying experiments were performed with whole bananas, using hot air at 70°C. The intermittent drying experiments were performed with intermittency ratio equal to 1/2 and tempering times of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0?h. The conditions imposed to the experiments permitted to investigate the influence of these tempering times on the processes. A one-dimensional numerical solution of the diffusion equation coupled with an optimizer was used to determine the process parameters for four experiments. To describe the processes, a model was proposed. Model includes shrinkage, variable effective mass diffusivity, and two values for convective mass transfer coefficient (within and outside the dryer), enabling to consider moisture loss during the tempering period. For all experiments, the simulation of the drying kinetics has resulted in good statistical indicators. Proposed model also made it possible to predict moisture distributions during the entire processes, including the migration of moisture from the central part to the peripheral region of the cross section of the bananas, during the tempering period. The results indicated that, for the same effective operation time and intermittency ratio, increasing the tempering time implied moderate decrease in the final average moisture content.     

Enhancing Ion Migration in Grain Boundaries of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites by Chlorine

Ionicity plays an important role in determining material properties, as well as optoelectronic performance of organometallic trihalide perovskites (OTPs). Ion migration in OTP films has recently been under intensive investigation by various scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques. However, controversial findings regarding the role of grain boundaries (GBs) associated with ion migration are often encountered, likely as a result of feedback errors and topographic effects common in to SPM. In this work, electron microscopy and spectroscopy (scanning transmission electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy) are combined with a novel, open‐loop, band‐excitation, (contact) Kelvin probe force microscopy (BE‐KPFM and BE‐cKPFM), in conjunction with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to examine the ion behavior in the GBs of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite films. This combination of diverse techniques provides a deeper understanding of the differences between ion migration within GBs and interior grains in OTP films. This work demonstrates that ion migration can be significantly enhanced by introducing additional mobile Cl^? ions into GBs. The enhancement of ion migration may serve as the first step toward the development of high‐performance electrically and optically tunable memristors and synaptic devices.     

Intra‐Urban migration and housing submarkets: theory and evidence

In the 1950s and 1960s a group of housing economists at Columbia University developed a framework for the analyses of urban housing markets which was based around the concept of housing submarkets and household migration. There is now widespread agreement amongst housing economists that submarkets should be adopted as a working hypothesis but the concept has been reformulated in terms of intra‐urban relative house price differentials. The accepted test for submarket existence uses a hedonic model of house prices which assumes market equilibrium. This paper returns to an analysis of submarkets which focuses on spatial migration patterns. By examining household intra‐urban mobility patterns in the Glasgow housing market it is possible to demonstrate that submarkets tend to be self‐contained. The analysis also suggests that the current standard statistical tests may be incomplete and in the case of Glasgow underestimate the number of submarkets.     

城市工程移民规划研究

论述了城市工程移民规划的任务及指导思想；分析了城市国有土地和城市规划区内农村集体土地上的住宅及非住宅、工程项目占用土地等补偿安置的特点，补偿安置规划编制的方法；总结了城市工程移民补偿投资概算的构成和城市工程移民规划的体系。认为重视城市工程移民规划的编制和移民安置政策设计和实施，对于依法建设城市具有重要的理论与实践意义。     

固化盐渍土抗冻融性能的研究

针对我国西北地区广泛分布的硫酸盐–氯盐盐渍土,设计了两种试验方法:无压力四周给水冻融法和无压力单向给水冻融法,观察固化盐渍土的抗冻融能力。结果显示在不同冻融条件下试件的破坏模式不同。运用土水势分析了冻融过程中水分迁移的动力和传输形式,研究表明:无压力四周给水冻融条件会导致土水势中出现压力势分势,由于压力势的存在,水分率先在试件的外围部分集中饱和,从而形成表层剥蚀;无压力单向给水冻融则消除了压力势的影响,水分得以高度分散而不能局部集中,当整个试件的含水率达到临界值时,试件发生整体的粉碎性破坏。固化剂掺量会影响固化盐渍土的抗冻性能,但足够长的养生期是提高固化盐渍土的抗冻融性能的关键性因素。     

冻融过程中土中水分迁移室内试验研究

通过调节试验箱顶板、底板和箱体的温度模式,在正冻和正融试验条件下对粉质粘土的水分迁移进行试验研究。共做了四组试验,每组两个试样,一个用于冻结后测含水量,另一个用于测融化到设定位置的含水量。在其他试验条件相同的条件下,改变初始含水量或温度模式,研究了单个因素对水分迁移的影响。     

GRIMSEL现场的气体渗透试验

自1976年以来，日本核废料管理基金会与研究中心（RWMC）一直在进行核废料处置的研究。最近，RWMC非常关注核废料处置库的监测、遥控以及现场勘查技术等重要的社会公众与技术问题。其中，处置库溢山气体是一项重要的安全可靠性评估项目。这项名为“工程屏障的气体渗透试验”（GMT）的研究是在瑞士Nagra的Grimsel现场实验室进行的。GMT集中研究在粮仓形的处置库中由核废料产生的气体在工程屏障中的渗透问题。在Grimsel现场，一个按比例缩小的工程屏障库由一个具有透气孔的混凝土仓和砂-膨润土缓冲材料组成，缓冲材料被放置在一个专门建造的洞室中。混凝土仓直径为2．5m，高为2．5m，放置在直径为4m的从上到下开挖而成的竖井中。在工程屏障饱和及水渗透试验之后，气体分两个阶段被注入地窖中。气体第一次被注入之后，重复进行水渗透试验，以便观察工程屏障库的变化。第二次气体注入的时候，在工程屏障及岩石圈中采用一种可以多点取样的鸡尾酒气体跟踪器。在气体注入之后，小心挖掘出工程屏障库，然后用各种方法来进行鉴定，并采用实验室以及建模程序来进行现场的模拟研究。