The influence of nickel and copper on the austempering of ductile iron

In the present investigation, the effect of alloying elements on the austempering process, austempered microstructure, and structural parameters of two austempered ductile irons (ADI) containing 0.6% Cu and 0.6% Cu/1.0% Ni as the main alloying elements was investigated. The optical metallography and x-ray diffraction were used to study the changes in the austempered structure. The effect of alloying additions on the austempering kinetics was studied using the Avrami equation. Significantly more upper bainite was observed in the austempered Cu-Ni alloyed ADI than in Cu alloyed ADI. The volume fraction of retained austenite (X _γ), the carbon level in the retained austenite (C _γ), and the product X _γ C _γ in an austempered structure of Cu-alloyed ADI are higher than in Cu-Ni-alloyed ADI. The austempering Kinetics is slowed down by the addition of Ni.     

Effects of Ag addition on mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-SCu-0.5Mg alloy

The mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-8Cu-0.5Mg alloy with and without Ag addition were studied at both room- and elevated-temperatures. The results show that the alloy with Ag is strengthened by a homogeneous distribution of coexistent θ＇ and Ω precipitates on the matrix （001） and （111） planes, respectively, whereas the alloy without Ag by θ＇ precipitates only. The small size and high volume fraction of θ＇ and Ω precipitates in the Ag-containing alloy improve the tensile strength and yield strength, especially those at the elevated temperatures. However, it is also responsible for the decrease in elongation, compared with the alloy without Ag, which is due to the microcracks initiated from the inherent incompatibility between the particles and the AI matrix during deformation.     

叠层加压SPS烧结制备梯度硬质合金

采用叠层加压SPS烧结法制备致密的YG10/YG20梯度结构硬质合金。通过调整WC粒度和添加微量元素B来调整烧结温度,使含钴量低的粉末与含钴量高的粉末的烧结温度相近。研究了烧结温度对致密度、组织形貌、显微硬度和断裂韧性的影响,分析了沿梯度截面上C,Co,W等成分、显微硬度的变化及YG10/YG20界面的结合情况。结果表明:原始WC粒度为1μm的YG10+0.05%B混合粉末和9μm的YG20混合粉末都能在1100℃~1160℃烧结致密,相对密度达到99%以上,晶粒尺寸均匀,梯度界面结合良好,没有开裂现象。低钴端的硬度达到了15500MPa~16000MPa,高钴端的硬度为11100MPa;在294N载荷的作用下低钴端的断裂韧性为12.62MPa·m1/2,而高钴端在这一载荷的作用下没有出现裂纹,断裂韧性较高,从而实现了硬质合金一端具有高硬度,另一端具有良好的韧性的有机结合。     

Oxidation and sulfidation behavior of Fe-20Cr-16Ni-4Al-1Y2O3 oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy

High-temperature oxidation and sulfidation studies were conducted on an oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy of composition Fe-20Cr-16Ni-4Al-1Y₂O₃. The oxidation studies were conducted in air and low-PO₂ environments over a temperature range of 650–1200°C. Results are also reported on the sulfidation resistance of preformed oxide scales and the influence of reoxidation of preformed sulfide scales. Detailed microstructural results and x-ray diffraction analysis data are presented to substantiate the corrosion behavior of the alloy over the wide range of conditions anticipated in fossil-energy systems. Data are also presented on the corrosion behavior of the alloy in oxygen/sulfur mixed gas atmospheres, and the results are used to compare the corrosion behavior of the present alloy with other chromia- and alumina-forming alloys.     

Effect of copper addition on the thermal contraction of indium melt clusters

The structure of In-1%Cu and In-5%Cu (mass fraction) alloy melts were studied at different temperatures above liquidus by using a high-temperature X-ray diffractometer and were compared with that of pure In melt. Experimental results show that with the addition of 1% Cu or 5% Cu, the thermal contraction phenomenon of atom clusters occurs in melts with the temperature increasing like pure In melt. With the addition of 1% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters increases and the contraction is not homogeneous in the whole measurement temperature range. The sudden change and noticeable contraction can be found in the range of 280-390℃. The temperature range of the sudden change is lower than that of pure In melt. With the addition of 5% Cu, the thermal contraction of atom clusters decreases and the contraction is not consistent in the whole measurement temperature range. The anomalous change can be measured at about 600 ℃. At the same superheating temperature, the nearest interatomic distance r1 of     

IMPROVEMENT OF TYPE IV CRACKING RESISTANCE OF 9Cr HEAT RESISTING STEEL WELDMENT BY BORON ADDITION

Creep lives of high Cr ferritic heat resisting steel weldments decrease due to Type Ⅳ fracture, which occurs as a result of formation and growth of creep voids and cracks on grain boundaries in fine-grained heat affected zone (HAZ). Because boron is considered to suppress the coarsening of grain boundary precipitates and growth of creep voids, we have investigated the effect of boron addition on the creep properties of 9Cr steel weldments. Four kinds of 9Cr3WSCoVNb steels with boron content varying from 4.7×10-5 to 1.8×10-4 and with nitrogen as low as 2.0×10-5 were prepared. The steel plates were welded by gas tungsten arc welding and crept at 923K. It was found that the microstructures of HAZ were quite different from those of conventional high Cr steels such as P91 and P92, namely the fine-grained HAZ did not exist in the present steel weldments. Boron addition also has the effect to suppress coarsening of grain boundary carbides in HAZ during creep. As a result of these phenomena, the welded join     

Preprogramming Floating Time of Liquid Marble

Non-sticking droplets wrapped with fine hydrophobic particles, namely liquid marbles, can be transported both on solid and water pool without an undesired spill of the inner encapsulated liquid. While the stimuli-responsive release of the inner liquid in the target area is proposed, the time-programmed release is not yet achieved. Herein, the hydrophobicity of nanoclay is modulated via a catalyst-free 1,4-conjugate addition reaction to form liquid marbles. This nanoclay liquid marble is robust and stable in air but collapses on the liquid pool with a specific lifetime. The lifetime of the liquid marble can be modulated over seconds to hours scale depending on the selection of chemically modulated wettability of the nanoclay. The critical mechanism of lifetime modulation is responsible for controlling the coalescence kinetics between the water pool and inner liquid by nanoclays’ high diffusion length and chemically varied water spreading potential. The NC liquid marble's programmable lifetime to ‘time-bomb’ type drug release and cascade chemical reaction is applied—without requiring any external intervention.     

Effect of Cu addition on microstructures and tensile properties of high-pressure die-casting Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn alloy

In this study, Cu was added into the high-pressure die-casting Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn (wt%) alloy to improve the tensile properties. The effects of Cu addition on the microstructures, mechanical properties of the Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn alloys under both as-cast and T5 treatment conditions have been investigated. Additions of 0.5 wt%, 0.8 wt% and 1.5 wt% Cu can lead to the formation of irregular-shaped Al₂CuMg particles distributed along the grain boundaries in the as-cast alloys. Furthermore, the rest of Cu can dissolve into the matrixes. The lath-shaped Al₂CuMg precipitates with a size of 15–20 nm × 2–4 nm were generated in the T5-treated Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-xCu (x = 0.5, 0.8, 1.5 wt%) alloys. The room temperature tensile and yield strengths of alloys increase with increasing the content of Cu. Increasing Cu content results in more Al₂CuMg phase formation along the grain boundaries, which causes more cracks during tensile deformation and lower ductility. Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.8Cu alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive tensile properties under both as-cast and T5-treated conditions. The yield strength of 179 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength of 303 MPa and the elongation of 8.7% were achieved in the as-cast Al-5.5Mg-0.7Mn-0.8Cu alloy, while the yield strength significantly was improved to 198 MPa after T5 treatment.     

微量Sc对Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头组织和性能的影响

使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了Al-Zn-Mg合金和含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金钨极氩弧焊接头的微观组织,并对其力学性能和耐应力腐蚀性能进行了对比。结果表明：在传统Al-Zn-Mg合金板材熔合线附近的热影响区出现再结晶和晶粒异常长大,而含钪Al-Zn-Mg合金基体中热稳定性优良的纳米Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相在焊接过程中能阻碍晶界迁移,抑制再结晶晶粒的形核和长大,进而细化熔合线附近的组织。同时,含微量钪的Al-Zn-Mg合金焊接接头的强度明显比传统合金的高,其强化效果主要来源于熔合线附近区域的细晶强化和二次Al₃(Sc, Zr, Ti)相的弥散强化。