蔗糖缩二脲树脂胶的合成研究

利用蔗糖为绿色原料,经酸化、脱水后以双金属为催化剂,合成不含三醛的羟甲基糖醛缩二脲树脂胶,通过单因素试验,对整个反应的pH值、反应温度、催化剂用量,反应原料配比和反应时间进行了优选,结果表明:在pH值为1.0催化剂用量为0.4g,温度95℃,物料比10:1为合成无醛树脂胶的最佳条件,得到的产品经红外分析表征,确定为目标产品,该产品在施胶过程中固化条件为:固化时间2h,温度为115℃,固化剂质量分数为8%。     

UV固化无溶剂型丙烯酸酯压敏胶的合成与性能表征

以丙烯酸异辛酯(2-EHA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和四氢化糠基丙烯酸酯(THFA)为主要单体,以丙烯酸(AA)和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAA)为功能性单体,以4-丙烯酰氧基二苯甲酮(ABP)为光引发剂,以十二烷基硫醇(NDM)为链转移剂,通过本体聚合法制备了UV固化无溶剂型丙烯酸酯压敏胶(PSA)。分别探讨了两种功能单体AA和DMAA用量,光引发剂ABP和链转移剂NDM用量对PSA性能的影响。结果表明,当DMAA和AA用量分别为单体总质量的10%和2%时,PSA的120℃熔融黏度适中且粘接性能较优;光引发剂ABP用于PSA体系,且用量为单体总质量的0.2%时,光固化效果最佳;当NDM用量为单体总质量的1.5%时,PSA综合性能最佳。     

Numerical simulation study of the T‐peel behavior of coated fabric films used in inflatable structures

A simple and reliable finite element method was developed to analyze the T‐peel behavior of fabric coated with thin films. The material model was constructed simply by a tensile test of the coating and the coated fabric. In addition, the influence of the welding parameters on the mechanical properties of the welded zone was considered. Although some material characters were neglected, the material model was found to be convenient for engineering applications. The reliability was examined by a comparison of the numerical results with the experiments. A T‐peel test was conducted, and a camera configured with an optical microscope lens was used to observe the material flow from the thickness view. The load–displacement curve predicted by the simulation agreed well with the experimental results. Small voids were detected when the sample was near fracture. These places were consistent with the simulation results and showed where the maximum stress–strain was located. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41299.     

Synthesis and characterization of new vinyl acetate grafting onto epoxidized linseed oil in aqueous media

Modified poly (vinyl acetate) copolymers with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as co‐monomer have been prepared. The polymerization was performed in aqueous medium without any additional protective colloid in the presence of sodium persulfate as catalyst. The effect of vinyl acetate (VAc)/ELO feed ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst amount has been studied. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the reaction between ELO and VAc resulted in slight decrease and shift in ELO characteristic bands of oxirane groups; and new bands were detected in the copolymer spectra attributed to PVAc and ELO functional groups. Moreover, new signals attributable to the copolymer were observed in the ¹H NMR spectra (δ 4.07 and 1.62 ppm) and in the ¹³C NMR spectra (δ 15.29 and 31.0 ppm). Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed a single T_g for the copolymerization product of VAc and ELO and two T_g for the PVAc/ELO blend, indicating the chemical reaction between VAc and ELO. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42089.     

Flexible /PET/batio3/ layer–layer composite film with enhanced dielectric properties fabricated by highly loaded /batio3/ coating with acrylic resin as binder

Flexible layer–layer poly(ethylene phthalate) (PET)/BaTiO₃ composite films with enhanced dielectric permittivity were fabricated by spin coating method, consisting of PET substrate film layer and modified BaTiO₃/acrylic resin hybrid coating layer. The thickness of coating layer was less than 3 μm (about 2% of PET film thickness), and therefore, the PET/barium titanate (BT) composite films remained flexible even at high volume fraction of BaTiO₃ fillers. The volume contents of BaTiO₃ were varied from 0 to 80%, and the solid contents of BaTiO₃/acrylic resin were in the range of 51.8–72.9%. Scanning electron microscopy showed strong interaction of finely dispersed BaTiO₃ particles with acrylic resin. Morphological profile also displayed uniform coating layer of modified BaTiO₃/acrylic resin and its strong adhesion with PET film. The dielectric constant of the PET/BaTiO₃ composite films increased by about 26% at 60 vol % BaTiO₃ loading when compared with the pristine PET film, whereas the dielectric loss decreased slightly. In addition, PET‐grafted poly(hydroxylethyl methacrylate) brushes were used as substrate to introduce covalent bonding with the coating layer. Further enhancement of dielectric constant and reduction of dielectric loss were realized when compared with the composite films with bare PET substrate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42508.     

Flexibilized Copolyimide Adhesives

Two copolyimides, LARC-STPI and STPI-LARC-2, with flexible backbones were prepared and characterized as adhesives. The processability and adhesive properties were compared to those of a commercially available form of LARC-TPI.

Lap shear specimens were fabricated using adhesive tape prepared from each of the three polymers. Lap shear tests were performed at room temperature, 177°C, and 204°C before and after exposure to water-boil and to thermal aging at 204°C for up to 1000 hours.

The three adhesive systems possess exceptional lap shear strengths at room temperature and elevated temperatures both before and after thermal exposure. LARC-STPI, because of its high glass transition temperature provided high lap shear strengths up to 260°C. After water-boil, LARC-TPI exhibited the highest lap shear strengths at room temperature and 177°C, whereas the LARC-STPI retained a higher percentage of its original strength when tested at 204°C [68% versus 50% (STPI-LARC-2) and 40% (LARC-TPI)].

These flexible thermoplastic copolyimides show considerable potential as adhesives based on this study and because of the ease of preparation with low cost, commercially available materials.     

Adhesive Bonding to Galvanized Steel: II. Substrate Chemistry, Morphology and Bond Failure Analysis

Galvanized substrate morphology, oxide layer chemistry, bond failure modes, failure loci, and bondline corrosion have been investigated for adhesive bonds to galvanized steel. Significant differences in surface morphology were observed between the relatively smooth surfaces of “hot-dipped” substrates and the considerably rougher texture of “electroplated” substrates. The hot-dipped substrates were also chemically heterogeneous, with significant amounts of Al, Mg, Ca, and Pb, in addition to Zn, constituting the surface layer. For electroplated substrates, on the other hand, Zn was the major constituent. It was concluded that, for a given adhesive, low strengths and poor bond durability generally correlated with the minimum surface roughness and maximum chemical heterogeneity of the hot-dipped substrates. Higher strengths, and better durability, on the other hand, were observed for electroplated substrates, which showed the greater roughness, as well as chemically the more uniform surface.

Significantly, ESCA spectroscopy of fracture surfaces of unaged samples established that failure loci for both one and two-part epoxy adhesives included the oxide layer of the substrate. This was true for both hot-dipped, as well as electroplated substrates. For aged samples, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of failure surface identified zinc-based corrosion products present in the original bond area.     

Increasing single-lap joint strength by adherend curvature-induced residual stresses

Single-lap joint (SLJ) geometry is the most widely used type of adhesive joint geometry. In this joint, peel stresses occur at the overlap ends due to load eccentricity and the presence of shear-free adhesive termination surfaces. These peel stresses, along with the transverse tensile stresses which occur along the overlap longitudinal axes, and adhesive shear stresses, ultimately cause joint failure. Obviously, reductions in these stresses should result in higher joint strength and increased load capacity. To this end, we exploited elastic spring-back capability of (steel) metal adherends by initially forming curved segments of varying arc lengths and radii at overlap ends. These adherends with curved-end sections were then bonded in single-lap configuration, simply by applying sufficient bonding pressure to elastically flatten the curved segments to result in typically flat overlap sections subsequent to adhesive cure and the removal of bonding pressure. Since the elastic adherend overlap ends tend to revert back to their initial curved form, they exert compressive residual stresses on the adhesive layer in the overlap end regions. We determined that the compressive residual stresses induced in this fashion considerably increased the load capacity of SLJs subjected to tension.     

Thermal properties and adhesion strength of amorphous poly(α‐olefins)/styrene–ethylene–butylene copolymer/terpene hot‐melt adhesive

The thermal stability and adhesion properties, such as lap‐shear strength of hot‐melt adhesives were obtained from amorphous poly(α‐olefins) and thermoplastic rubber [styrene–ethylene–butylene copolymer (SEBS)] blends. The addition of SEBS increased the toughness and viscosity and decreased the lap‐shear strength of the hot‐melt adhesive. Terpene tackifier resin offered enhanced lap‐shear strength; this was more effective when combined tackifier resin was added on the hot‐melt adhesive. Only a small amount of wax and antioxidant affected the thermal stability and lap‐shear strength of the hot‐melt adhesive. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

建筑结构胶粘剂的发展和展望

建筑结构胶粘剂经过30多年的发展已成为重要的结构粘接材料。本文综述了建筑结构胶粘剂发展与技术进步。并针对研发、原材料、生产及标准中存在的问题,探讨了其发展方向。