高浓度90%莠去津水分散粒剂的研制

介绍了高浓度90%莠去津水分散粒剂(WG)的制备,并确定了优惠配方,简述了该剂型的特点、配方组成、加工工艺、贮存稳定性以及性能测定。试验结果表明该产品的各项指标符合水分散性粒剂的要求,如悬浮率在90%以上,崩解时间在1min以内,在(54±2)℃下贮存4周后的分解率小于5%,且产品的各项指标均符合水分散粒剂的要求。     

Synthesis,Characterization and Immunological Evaluation of Self‐Adjuvanting Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates Bearing Various Lipidic Adjuvanting Moieties

Four group A streptococcal glycolipopeptide vaccine candidates with different lipidic adjuvanting moieties were prepared and characterized. The immunogenicity of the compounds was evaluated by macrophage and dendritic cell uptake studies and by in vivo quantification of systemic IgG antibody by ELISA. Three of the candidates showed significant induction of the IgG response.     

Intranasal Administration of Codium fragile Polysaccharide Elicits Anti-Cancer Immunity against Lewis Lung Carcinoma

Natural polysaccharides have shown promising effects on the regulation of immunity in animals. In this study, we examined the immune stimulatory effect of intranasally administered Codium fragile polysaccharides (CFPs) in mice. Intranasal administration of CFPs in C57BL/6 mice induced the upregulation of surface activation marker expression in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the number of conventional DCs (cDCs) was increased in the mLNs by the upregulation of C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 expression, and subsets of cDCs were also activated following the intranasal administration of CFP. In addition, the intranasal administration of CFPs promoted the activation of natural killer (NK) and T cells in the mLNs, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators. Finally, daily administration of CFPs inhibited the infiltration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the lungs, and the preventive effect of CFPs on tumor growth required NK and CD8 T cells. Furthermore, CFPs combined with anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (Ab) improved the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 Ab against lung cancer. Therefore, these data demonstrated that the intranasal administration of CFP induced mucosal immunity against lung cancer.     

Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy: The Adjuvant Effect

Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer. DCs can be stimulated ex vivo with pro-inflammatory molecules and loaded with tumor-specific antigen(s). Protocols describing the specific details of DCs vaccination manufacturing vary widely, but regardless of the employed protocol, the DCs vaccination safety and its ability to induce antitumor responses is clearly established. Many years of studies have focused on the ability of DCs to provide overall survival benefits at least for a selection of cancer patients. Lessons learned from early trials lead to the hypothesis that, to improve the efficacy of DCs-based immunotherapy, this should be combined with other treatments. Thus, the vaccine’s ultimate role may lie in the combinatorial approaches of DCs-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than in monotherapy. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of DCs vaccination with multimodality therapy approaches for cancer treatment paradigms.     

口服透明质酸对小鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用

目的:探讨口服透明质酸(HA)对小鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)的治疗作用。方法:将40只6周龄的雄性小鼠随机分成4个小组,正常组、模型组、HA组和双氯芬酸钠组。通过给模型组、HA组和双氯芬酸钠组小鼠右后足注射弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)建立佐剂性关节炎模型,经连续4周口服透明质酸进行治疗后,分别对小鼠的体质量、足跖厚度进行测量,观察小鼠膝关节肿胀程度并评分,同时采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测小鼠血清中白介素-1(IL-1)和HA的含量。结果:口服HA能显著降低小鼠足跖厚度和关节炎指数,同时血清中IL-1和HA含量亦显著降低;并且各项指标与双氯芬酸钠无显著性差异。结论:口服透明质酸能有效地缓解小鼠膝关节的肿胀,降低血清中IL-1的含量,增强活动能力,因而对小鼠佐剂性关节炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

草地贪夜蛾对添加橙皮油助剂的阿维菌素敏感性分析

为了提高化学药剂对草地贪夜蛾的生物活性,分别采用了浸虫法、浸饲料法和浸虫、饲料法比较了不同橙皮油助剂添加量下草地贪夜蛾对阿维菌素的敏感性,同时借助表面张力仪测定了不同橙皮油助剂添加量下药液的表面张力.结果表明,3种方法获得阿维菌素对草地贪夜蛾的LC50值以浸虫法最高,浸饲料法其次,浸虫、饲料法最低.随着橙皮油助剂含量的...     

苦杏仁苷对佐剂性炎症影响的实验研究

目的:观察苦杏仁苷对大鼠佐剂性炎症(机体异常免疫)和小鼠碳粒廓清(机体正常免疫)的影响,以揭示其免疫调节作用。方法:采用皮下注射Freund's 完全佐剂抗原, 形成大鼠慢性免疫萎缩性胃炎模型, 测定胃液游离酸度、总酸度及胃蛋白酶活性;大鼠足跖皮内注射Freund's 完全佐剂形成佐剂性关节炎, 测定佐剂性关节炎原发病变的足跖肿胀度、继发病变的肿胀率及炎症抑制率;小鼠碳粒廓清实验测定廓清指数(K)及吞噬指数(α)。结果:苦杏仁苷高剂量组可极显著降低大鼠胃蛋白酶活性, 抑制佐剂性关节炎原发病变的足跖肿胀度, 减轻继发病变的肿胀率, 提高小鼠的廓清指数和吞噬指数(P <0.01);苦杏仁苷中剂量组可显著降低大鼠胃蛋白酶活性, 提高小鼠廓清指数(P <0.05), 极显著降低佐剂性关节炎原发和继发病变的肿胀度、肿胀率(P <0.01);各剂量组的苦杏仁苷对大鼠胃液酸度无明显影响作用(P >0.05)。结论:苦杏仁苷能抑制佐剂性炎症, 增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能, 具有调节免疫功能的作用。     

Nanocarrier-Loaded Imidaclothiz Promotes Plant Uptake and Decreases Pesticide Residue

There is a great demand for improving the effective utilization of pesticides and reducing their application for sustainable agriculture, and polymeric nanoparticles have provided strong technical support for the efficient delivery of pesticides. To this context, we tried to construct a relatively safe imidaclothiz nano-delivery system for enhanced plant uptake, reduced pesticide residue and improved bioactivity toward green peach aphids. The imidaclothiz could be assembled with the hydrophobic core of SPc through hydrophobic association, which led to the self-assembly of nanoscale imidaclothiz/SPc complex consisting of nearly spherical particles. The SPc decreased the contact angle of imidaclothiz drops and remarkably increased the plant uptake. Furthermore, the bioactivity and control efficacy of imidaclothiz were significantly improved with the help of SPc in both laboratory and field. Excitingly, the residue of imidaclothiz decreased with the help of SPc 7 d after the treatment due to the faster degradation of nanoscale imidaclothiz/SPc complex, which exhibited no negative effects on agronomic traits of tobacco plants. The current study successfully constructed a nano-delivery system for imidaclothiz, which can not only increase the effective utilization of pesticides, but also decrease the pesticide residue.     

Synthetic Melanin Acts as Efficient Peptide Carrier in Cancer Vaccine Strategy

We previously reported that a novel peptide vaccine platform, based on synthetic melanin nanoaggregates, triggers strong cytotoxic immune responses and significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying such an efficacy remained poorly described. Herein, we investigated the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in presenting the antigen embedded in the vaccine formulation, as well as the potential stimulatory effect of melanin upon these cells, in vitro by coculture experiments and ELISA/flow cytometry analysis. The vaccine efficiency was evaluated in FLT3-L^−/− mice constitutively deficient in DC1, DC2, and pDCs, in Zbtb46^DTR chimera mice deficient in DC1 and DC2, and in Langerin^DTR mice deficient in dermal DC1 and Langerhans cells. We concluded that DCs, and especially migratory conventional type 1 dendritic cells, seem crucial for mounting the immune response after melanin-based vaccination. We also assessed the protective effect of L-DOPA melanin on peptides from enzymatic digestion, as well as the biodistribution of melanin–peptide nanoaggregates, after subcutaneous injection using [¹⁸F]MEL050 PET imaging in mice. L-DOPA melanin proved to act as an efficient carrier for peptides by fully protecting them from enzymatic degradation. L-DOPA melanin did not display any direct stimulatory effects on dendritic cells in vitro. Using PET imaging, we detected melanin–peptide nanoaggregates up to three weeks after subcutaneous injections within the secondary lymphoid tissues, which could explain the sustained immune response observed (up to 4 months) with this vaccine technology.