葛根黑豆挤压膨化工艺研究

以葛根粉和黑豆粉为主要原料,研究葛根粉与黑豆粉质量比、混合物料含水率、机筒Ⅲ区温度、螺杆主轴转速等因素对产品感官和糊化度的影响。通过单因素和正交试验优化葛根黑豆膨化食品的加工工艺,得到最佳工艺参数为机筒Ⅲ区温度150℃、螺杆主轴转速160 r/min、混合物料含水率17%、葛根粉与黑豆粉质量比1∶5,在该条件下生产出的产品具有较好的感官品质和糊化度。     

豆类淀粉对鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

本文研究了豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。分析了添加不同含量淀粉时,鲢鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水性、蒸煮损失、横向弛豫时间(T2)和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明,添加8%,10%的马铃薯淀粉或绿豆淀粉均可以显著增加鲢鱼鱼糜的凝胶强度、持水性,同时明显降低蒸煮损失。低场核磁共振显示,淀粉对鱼糜凝胶的横向弛豫时间T21和T22影响较小,对T23和T24的影响较大,尤其添加10%的马铃薯淀粉或绿豆淀粉均可以显著降低凝胶的T23和T24,减弱凝胶中不易移动水的流动性。与马铃薯淀粉和绿豆淀粉相比,豌豆淀粉在添加量为4%时便可以显著增强鱼糜制品的凝胶强度和持水性,同时明显降低其蒸煮损失、横向弛豫时间T23和T24。添加马铃薯淀粉(10%)、绿豆淀粉(10%)或者豌豆淀粉(4%)后的鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶均可以形成相当均匀、致密的空间凝胶网络结构。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定豆浆中麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚、香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素 5种香料

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定豆浆中麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚、香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素5种香料的含量。方法样品经沉淀蛋白后用水稀释,采用Thermo Hypersil-Gold C_(18)色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在273 nm波长下进行高效液相色谱检测。结果在1~100μg/g浓度线性范围内,麦芽酚、乙基麦芽酚、香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,在2、5、10和20μg/g 4个添加水平下,加标回收率为63.39%~88.73%,RSD为0.9%~4.5%(n=6),检出限在0.04~0.18μg/g之间。结论该方法灵敏度高、重复性好,可应用于实际样品的测定。     

绿豆皮纤维素的超声波-微波联合辅助提取及其性质研究

以绿豆皮为原料,采用超声波-微波联合辅助碱法提取其中的纤维素,研究了Na OH质量分数、Na OH添加量、超声波-微波联合作用时间、微波功率及脱色时间这5个因素对绿豆皮纤维素得率、膨胀力及持水力的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对绿豆皮纤维素的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:与碱提取法、超声波或微波单独辅助碱提取法相比,超声波-微波联合辅助碱提取法能够有效的提高绿豆皮纤维素的得率并改善其理化性质。通过单因素试验得到了绿豆皮纤维素提取的最佳工艺条件:Na OH质量分数10%、Na OH添加量15 m L/g、超声波-微波联合作用时间15 min、微波功率300 W、脱色时间90 min,在此条件下,获得的绿豆皮纤维素得率为44.91%,膨胀力为4.01 m L/g,持水力为7.16 g/g。绿豆皮纤维素的红外光谱分析结果表明,超声波-微波联合辅助碱法提取的绿豆皮纤维素特征峰没有发生明显变化,且木质素残留较少。本研究结果可以为废弃绿豆皮的再利用提供参考。     

不同豆类对丛毛红曲菌MS-1发酵产物的影响

以黄豆、黑豆、豌豆、绿豆和红豆5种常见食用豆类为基质,以高产莫纳可林K(monacolin K)且不产桔霉素的丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)MS-1为发酵菌株,进行红曲菌固态发酵,并对红曲菌MS-1在不同豆类中的发酵进程、淀粉酶与蛋白酶的酶活、发酵产物色价、莫纳可林K的含量,以及色素组成进行了分析。结果显示,豌豆、绿豆、红豆比黄豆和黑豆更适合红曲菌的生长,发酵过程中淀粉酶与蛋白酶的产生、莫纳可林K和色素的积累,以及色素组分存在一定差异。其中,豌豆的色价和莫纳可林K含量最高,分别达到246.12 U/g(干基)和5.05 mg/g(干基),适合作为高色价和高莫纳可林K红曲的生产基质。     

Classification of Black Beans Using Visible and Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

A rapid and non-destructive method based on the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique in the wavelength range of 390–1050 nm was investigated for discriminating the varieties of black beans. In total, 300 samples of three varieties were scanned by the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging system, and hyperspectral data were analyzed by spectral and image processing technique respectively. A successive projection algorithm was used to obtain 13 characteristic wavelengths (504, 507, 512, 516, 522, 529, 692, 733, 766, 815, 933, 998, and 1000 nm) for spectral analysis. After the processing of successive projection algorithm, optimal image selection was carried out by principal component analysis based on the characteristic wavelengths. The first principal component image was used for the image analysis, whose contribution rate was over 98.34%. Gray level co-occurrence matrix analysis from first principal component image was applied to extract image features including 16 textural features and six morphological features. In this study, partial least squares-discriminate analysis, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbors were used for model establishments, respectively, based on spectral feature, image feature, and the combination of spectral and image features. The results show that the best correct discrimination rate of 98.33% was achieved by applying combined spectral and image features. The study demonstrated that visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique was potential for rapid classification of black beans, and the performance of the classification model can be improved by the feature combination.     

压热法制备绿豆抗性淀粉工艺的优化

研究了压热法制备绿豆抗性淀粉(MRS)的工艺参数。采用单因素实验比较了不同淀粉乳浓度、压热温度、压热时间、贮藏温度、贮藏时间对MRS得率的影响。在此基础上采用Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计,优化MRS制备参数,建立了各因子与MRS得率关系的数学回归模型,确定了最佳的制备条件,即淀粉乳浓度为27.31%,贮藏温度为4.77℃,压热时间40 min时,MRS的产率为12.63%,与预测的理论值12.41%极为接近,与抗性淀粉含量为4.04%的绿豆原淀粉相比,MRS含量增加8.59%。     

豆腐乳系列生产技术

为了促进豆腐乳新品的研究和开发,首先介绍了豆腐乳的原始工艺、老法工艺、高温发酵工艺和利用细菌纯种酿制工艺等4种流程及发展情况,并对原辅材料的选用和豆腐胚的制作做了详细介绍,同时还总结了青方腐乳、红方腐乳、霉腐乳、麻辣腐乳、玫瑰腐乳、油卤腐乳和酱豆腐乳等花色品种腐乳的制作方法.     

Polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of thirteen faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes cultivated in Tunisia

In vitro antioxidant capacity of thirteen genotypes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) collected during three different growing stages (vegetative, reproductive and maturity) have been evaluated. For the vegetative stage (VS) and reproductive stage (RS) the whole plant (WP) has been used for the analysis while for the maturity stage (MS) the plant was divided and analyzed in different parts, the whole seed (WS), seed coat (SC), cotyledons (Cot) and pod (Pod). The antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by means of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC respectively), the ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assays. The results showed different antioxidant properties for the same genotype when considering the different parts or stages of the plant. High content of both total phenolics (> 92.85 mg as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dried plant) and flavonoids contents (> 11.87 mg as rutin equivalent (RE)/g of dried plant) were found for all genotypes during the vegetative and the reproductive stages, which also showed the highest antioxidant activity (FRAP value ≥ 1.157 mmol/g and DPPH radical-scavenging capacity > 43.49%), indicating their potential as natural sources of antioxidant foods. For the maturity stage, the highest values for the TPC, TFC, FRAP and DPPH scavenging capacity were observed for the pods and the lowest for the cotyledons.The results of this study indicate that faba beans are a good source of natural antioxidants independently to their genotype. The quantification of the antioxidant capacity according to the stage and the plant part could be suitable for applications on the food industry in relation to production and preservation of faba bean food products.     

低取代度乙酰化绿豆淀粉的性质

以绿豆淀粉为原料,冰醋酸为乙酰化剂,制备低取代度的乙酰化绿豆淀粉。对乙酰化绿豆淀粉的膨润力、溶解度、凝沉性、透明度、黏性、质构特性等进行研究。结果表明：与原淀粉相比,经过乙酰化处理的绿豆淀粉透明度、膨润力、溶解度均比原淀粉有所增加,糊化温度降低,谷值黏度、末值黏度有所升高,而峰值黏度、衰减值则降低,绿豆淀粉乙酰化后凝胶特性也有所改善。