好氧颗粒污泥溶解氧传递

假定颗粒污泥为球状,通过实验确定动力学参数,建立氧传质模型并进行了验证。结果表明,利用失活颗粒污泥DO变化,得出颗粒污泥氧扩散系数为0.45×10^-9 m²·s^-1;利用烧杯实验,得出了氧比消耗速率0.10 g O2·（g MLSS）^-1·h^-1,氧半饱和常数为0.65 mg·L^-1。模型求解发现,表面DO越大,DO梯度越大,颗粒污泥表面径向传质能力越强,氧穿透颗粒污泥的距离越远,但是粒径很大时（如半径1.5 mm）,虽然表面DO为4.0 mg·L^-1,但依然没有穿透颗粒污泥,当r/R为0.49～0.65之间时,DO梯度迅速为0;在颗粒污泥半径很小（＜0.5 mm）时,氧完全能穿透整个粒径,同时梯尔模数足够小,内扩散有效因子接近1不变,氧扩散可忽略不计;对于相同的梯尔模数,表面DO高时,内扩散有效因子越大,说明氧扩散的动力越强、受限制的程度越小。     

物化-好氧生物法处理制革废水

采用物化-好氧生物法处理制革废水,取得了较好的效果,对COD、S^2-、SS的去除率分别达到了93．6％、94．8％和96．3％。运行结果表明,该工艺具有工艺设计简单、运行稳定、出水水质好等优点。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌发酵对饲料品质的影响

该研究通过测定发酵饲料pH值、活菌数、乳酸含量及中性蛋白酶活性,筛选出适宜基础饲料发酵的鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）BLCC2-0038和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）BLCC1-0281,并对筛选出的鼠李糖乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌进行单菌及混菌发酵方式进行了研究。结果表明,BLCC2-0038单独发酵72 h时pH值降至3.73,活菌数达到7.05×109 CFU/g,乳酸含量为48.67 mg/g;BLCC1-0281单独发酵72 h时,活菌数达到2.28×1010 CFU/g,中性蛋白酶活性达到3 207 U/g;BLCC2-0038和BLCC1-0281混菌发酵时,以鼠李糖乳杆菌/枯草芽孢杆菌配比为3∶1,2%接种量,有氧发酵方式最优,发酵72 h时鼠李糖乳杆菌活菌数为5.35×109 CFU/g,枯草芽孢杆菌活菌数为7.80×109 CFU/g,中性蛋白酶活性为1 407.83 U/g。     

The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents

Whole-plant corn was harvested at 33 (normal) and 41% (moderately high) dry matter (DM) and ensiled in quadruplicate 20-L laboratory silos to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (LB) or L. plantarum MTD-1 (LP) alone, or in combination, on the fermentation and aerobic stability of the resulting silage. Aerobic stability was defined as the amount of time after exposure to air for the silage temperature to reach 2°C above ambient temperature. The chopped forage was used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: normal and moderately high DM contents, LB at 0 (untreated) or 4 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh forage, and LP at 0 or 1 × 10⁵ cfu/g. After 240 d of ensiling, corn silage harvested at the moderately high DM had higher pH, higher concentrations of ethanol, and more yeasts compared with the silage ensiled at the normal DM content. Inoculation with LB did not affect the concentration of lactic acid in silages with a moderately high DM, but decreased the concentration of lactic acid in the silage with normal DM. Higher concentrations of acetic acid were found in the silage treated with LB compared with those not treated with this organism. Inoculation with LP increased the concentration of lactic acid only in the silage with the normal DM content. The concentration of acetic acid was lower in silage treated with LP with a moderately high DM content, but greater in the silage treated with LP with the normal DM content when compared with silages without this inoculant. Appreciable amounts of 1,2-propanediol (average 1.65%, DM basis) were found in all silages treated with LB regardless of the DM content. The addition of L. buchneri increased the concentration of NH₃-N in silages but the addition of L. plantarum decreased it. Aerobic stability was improved in all silages treated with LB, with greater aerobic stability occurring in the silage with moderately high DM compared with silage with normal DM content. Inoculation with LP had no effect on aerobic stability. There were no interactions between L. buchneri and L. plantarum for most fermentation products or aerobic stability of the silages. This study showed that inoculating whole-plant corn with L. buchneri 40788 or L. plantarum MTD-1 has different beneficial effects on the resulting silage. There appear to be no major interactions between these organisms when added together to forage. Thus, there is potential to add both organisms simultaneously to improve the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.     

测试片法在食品菌落总数检测中的应用研究

目的 探究菌落总数测试片法检测食品中菌落总数的可行性.方法 用菌落总数测试片法和国家标准方法同时对制备的菌悬液、自然污染食品样品和人工污染食品样品的菌落总数进行检测,采用t-检验分析2种方法检测结果的差异,采用Pearson相关分析确定2种检测方法之间的相关性.结果 菌悬液和自然污染食品样品菌落总数测试片法的变异系数为...     

低温杀菌黄焖鸡中菌落总数生长预测模型的比较和货架期预测

为比较不同生长预测模型对低温杀菌黄焖鸡中菌落总数生长情况的拟合效果,使用修正的Gompertz模型、修正的Logistic模型和Baranyi模型描述其在4、15、25 ℃贮藏期间菌落总数的变化情况,使用Belehradek模型和Arrhenius模型描述菌落总数生长参数与贮藏温度之间的关系,通过计算各模型拟合所得的参数值及回归相关系数R2、均方误差平方根、赤池信息准则和贝叶斯信息准则等指标评价模型的拟合优度,以最优组合建立产品的货架期预测模型。结果表明：在一级模型中,修正的Logistic模型拟合所得的生长参数值最接近实测值,模型的评价指标最优;在二级模型中,Arrhenius模型的拟合优度最高,其R2均在0.97以上;对修正的Logistic模型的偏差因子、准确因子和Arrhenius模型的残差值进行分析,表明建立的一级、二级模型可被接受;以此为基础建立低温杀菌黄焖鸡的货架期预测模型,经过验证,模型预测值与实测值的相对误差值均在±10%以内,表明所建立的货架期预测模型能够比较准确地预测低温杀菌黄焖鸡在4～25 ℃范围内的货架期。     

猪肉菌落总数检验中不确定度的评定

目的建立猪肉中菌落总数检测结果的不确定度评定方法。方法依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和GB4789.2-2010《食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》以及相关统计学方法,对样品不确定度进行评定。结果依据所采用的方法,对同一样品测定10次菌落总数的扩展不确定度为0.090,k=2。结论本研究可以对单个样品的菌落总数检测结果的不确定度作出较好的估计,可适用于日常工作中菌落计数的不确定度评定。     

石嘴山氧化塘净化能力预测

本文的主要目的是预测石嘴山氧化塘在不同面积及水深情况下的净化能力。采用Wehner-Wilhelm设计方法,从预测的结果来看一、三方案净化效果最好,方案二可以满足现有污水量的处理要求。预测结果为氧化塘现在和将来的运行提供参考。最后,通过方案比较建议适时采取不同的方案。     

Phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process

The results from this research suggest that both calcium phosphate precipitation and enhanced biological uptake play a role in phosphorus removal in the activated sludge process when a non-nitrifying, anaerobic-aerobic system is used to treat a low calcium wastewater. The primary removal mechanism was found to be biological uptake, as calcium phosphate precipitation accounted for only 15–27% of the total phosphorus removed. Calcium phosphate precipitation in the aerobic unit was enhanced because of the pH increase in that reactor. This was the result of low CO₂ production (indicated by low specific oxygen uptake values) and intense aeration which caused excessive CO₂ stripping in the aerobic unit     

Role of mass transfer in overall substrate removal rate in a sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactor treating a non-inhibitory substrate

A laboratory study was undertaken to explore the role of mass transfer in overall substrate removal rate and the subsequent kinetic behavior in a glucose-fed sequential aerobic sludge blanket (SASB) reactor. At the organic loading rates (OLRs) of 2-8 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m³-d, the SASB reactor removed over 98% of COD from wastewater. With an increase in OLR, the average granule diameter (d_p = 1.1-1.9 mm) and the specific oxygen utilization rate increased; whereas biomass density of granules and solids retention time decreased (13-32 d). The intrinsic and apparent kinetic parameters were evaluated using break-up and intact granules, respectively. The calculated COD removal efficiencies using the kinetic model (incorporating intrinsic kinetics) and empirical model (incorporating apparent kinetics) agreed well with the experimental results, implying that both models can properly describe the overall substrate removal rate in the SASB reactor. By applying the validated kinetic model, the calculated mass transfer parameter values and the simulated substrate concentration profiles in the granule showed that the overall substrate removal rate is intra-granular diffusion controlled. By varying different d_p within a range of 0.1-3.5 mm, the simulated COD removal efficiencies disclosed that the optimal granular size could be no greater than 2.5 mm.