Metal-doped carbon aerogels as catalysts during ozonation processes in aqueous solutions

The efficiency of Co(II)-, Mn(II)-, and Ti(IV)-doped carbon aerogels for the transformation of ozone into (*)OH radicals was investigated. The carbon aerogels had a markedly acid surface character (pH(PZC approximately equal) congruent with 3-4) with very high surface oxygen concentrations (O approximately equal with 20%). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the samples showed the oxidation state of the metals was +2 for Co and Mn and +4 for Ti. The presence of Mn(II)-doped carbon aerogel enhanced ozone transformation into (*)OH radicals, whereas the presence of Co(II) and Ti(IV) carbon aerogels presented no activity in this process. Moreover, it was observed that an increase in the concentration of Mn in the surface of the aerogel increases its efficiency to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals, with an Rct value ([OH]/[O(3)]) of 5.36 x 10(-8) for the aerogel doped with 16% of surface Mn(II) compared to an R(ct) of 2.68 x 10(-9) for conventional ozonation. Regardless of the aerogel used, XPS analysis of the ozonated aerogel samples showed an increase in the concentration of surface oxygen when the exposure to ozone was longer. However, presence of oxidized metal species after ozone treatment was only detected in the case of the Mn-doped aerogel, (Mn(III) and Mn(IV)). CO(2) activation of carbon aerogel produced a marked increase in its efficiency to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals compared with non-activated sample. The efficiency of Mn activated carbon aerogel to transform ozone into (*)OH radicals was greater than that of Witco commercial activated carbon or H(2)O(2) in the ozonation of water from Lake Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland).     

二氧化硅气凝胶棉毡保温性能的研究

根据圆管导热仪的原理,建立实验台,通过试验测量二氧化硅气凝胶毡的导热系数,得出计算温差与导热系数的曲线,并进行误差分析,再与传统保温材料的导热系数进行对比,体现出二氧化硅气凝胶毡在同类产品中的优越性.     

硅气凝胶的研究进展

目前硅气凝胶是世界上最轻、隔热性最好、孔隙率较高且声传播速率较低的固体材料,由于其特殊的网络结构使其具有很多独特的性能。本文从其研究历史及现状出发,对其性能以及在不同方面的应用和制备原理进行了综述,并对其广阔的发展前景进行了展望。     

硅气凝胶最佳制备条件的研究

近年来对世界上质量最轻、隔热性最好、性能独特的固体材料--二氧化硅气凝胶的研究越来越广泛,而制备的条件是研究它们的关键.本文采用四因素三水平的正交实验研究其常压干燥的最佳制备条件,并研究了正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、水、乙醇、pH值四因素对二氧化硅气凝胶性能的影响,结果表明:以TEOS:H2OO:EtOH=1:6:5(摩尔比)混合调节pH=6～7在70℃水浴中凝胶所得到的气凝胶性能相对较好.     

气凝胶制备的干燥技术

气凝胶是一种新型轻质的三维纳米多孔固态材料,由于其独特的物理化学性能,在许多领域存在潜在的应用价值而备受关注。本文简要介绍了湿凝胶的干燥理论和气凝胶的超临界干燥制备技术,评析了气凝胶的亚临界干燥、常压干燥、常压阶梯干燥及真空冷冻干燥等非超临界干燥制备技术。     

超级电容器碳基材料研究的进展

超级电容器是一种介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的储能装置,其以功率密度大,充电速度快,工作温度范围宽,循环使用寿命长和绿色环保等优点,被世界各国广泛关注。通过对超级电容器新型碳电极材料的最新研究进展进行介绍,展望了超级电容器的发展前景,认为超级电容器将不仅对全球性能源问题有着重大突破,还将会带来巨大的经济效益。