Efficient fault-tolerant collision-free data aggregation scheduling for wireless sensor networks

This paper investigates the design of fault-tolerant TDMA-based data aggregation scheduling (DAS) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). DAS is a fundamental pattern of communication in wireless sensor networks where sensor nodes aggregate and relay data to a sink node. However, any such DAS protocol needs to be cognisant of the fact that crash failures can occur. We make the following contributions: (i) we identify a necessary condition to solve the DAS problem, (ii) we introduce a strong and weak version of the DAS problem, (iii) we show several impossibility results due to the crash failures, (iv) we develop a modular local algorithm that solves stabilising weak DAS and (v) we show, through simulations and an actual deployment on a small testbed, how specific instantiations of parameters can lead to the algorithm achieving very efficient stabilisation.     

vGemini表面活性剂的聚集行为及应用的新进展

综述了已报道的几种新型Gemini表面活性剂的化学结构，并对它们在气／液、气／固界面及溶液中的聚集行为和应用做了讨论。     

一种容错的传感器网络数据融合隐私保护算法

由于网络通信具有易错的特点,提出一种具有容错性的隐私保护数据聚集算法。通过椭圆曲线加密方案对节点数据进行加密,保证数据的隐私性,采用加同态加密技术,实现了端到端的聚集加密,节省能耗和带宽。同时,构造轨道图拓扑结构,使得每个节点有多个父节点,当节点与主父节点发生链路失效时,其他父节点能够修复聚集值。仿真实验结果显示,提出的方案在适当增加通信量的情况下,具有较高的数据安全性、很好的容错性和高精度的聚集值。     

基于蚁群聚集信息素的半监督文本分类算法

半监督文本分类中已标记数据与未标记数据分布不一致,可能导致分类器性能较低。为此,提出一种利用蚁群聚集信息素浓度的半监督文本分类算法。将聚集信息素与传统的文本相似度计算相融合,利用Top-k策略选取出未标记蚂蚁可能归属的种群,依据判断规则判定未标记蚂蚁的置信度,采用随机选择策略,把置信度高的未标记蚂蚁加入到对其最有吸引力的训练种群中。在标准数据集上与朴素贝叶斯算法和EM算法进行对比实验,结果表明,该算法在精确率、召回率以及F1度量方面都取得了更好的效果。     

透射成像纸币冠字号定位方法

纸币成像方式分为反射和透射成像两种方式。反射方式成像的纸币图像清晰、背景单一,但采集任意方向进入点验设备的冠字号图像需两个图像传感器,占用仓室空间大;相同条件下,透射方式仅需一个图像传感器,具有空间上的优势,但透射方式的图像背景复杂、两面图像重叠、易光照不均。针对这些问题,提出一种冠字号定位的新算法。检测冠字号的字符间间隙特征点;在特征点检测基础上,进行水平投影,根据人民币固有属性计算冠字号区域的准确水平位置;在水平定位基础上,通过定位欧姆龙环间接计算出冠字号区域的准确垂直位置;利用连通域标记算法定位出单个字符。对2000张正常流通05版人民币进行测试,定位正确率为100％。     

基于场景重构与报警聚合的网络取证分析技术

提出一种包含报警标准化、去冗余、场景重构和报警聚合的网络取证分析方法. 通过去除失败攻击的报警, 减少了对证据分析的干扰. 在场景重构中, 通过反向关联, 减少了不必要的证据, 同时通过对孤立报警的补充, 保证了证据链的完整性. 在报警聚合中, 提出了聚合同一攻击步骤的不同报警的方法, 以抽象层和具体层两个层次重构入侵场景. 最后通过实验验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

黄腐酸结构、构象和聚集过程的分子模拟研究

自然界中广泛存在着的腐植物质(HS)有多种化学反应能力,诸如矿物质的风化、养分的生物有效利用和污染物的迁移等相关的生物地球化学反应能力。腐植物质的反应性取决于其官能团的化学特性与微观结构,同时又受到周围环境及介质组分的影响。为了更好地了解腐植物质在水、土壤中的结构、构象以及聚集过程,文中描述了以伯明翰东北部庙宇(TNB)的样本,按离子或非离子的黄腐酸分子结构建模研究的过程。该理论研究结果和黄腐酸的溶解度(偶极矩)、电子和振动光谱等一些实验研究的结果能很好的吻合。其中水分子的存在对静电有很大的稳定作用,并且随着离子化程度的增加,这种作用变得更强。在真空中,由于氢键和非键力相互作用增加,未离子化的聚集体比单体更稳定。因此,随着黄腐酸分子的离子化,聚集作用将不再发生。在溶液中,黄腐酸的浓度是聚集的关键因素。若当量浓度太低,含有两个黄腐酸的系统就不可能发生聚集,但是随着当量浓度的提高,系统中聚集体的数量也将上升,情况就发生改变。离子态是聚集的另一个关键因素。离子态的黄腐酸分子有着更高的负电荷,而这会增强能量势垒,阻碍由布朗运动引起的黄腐酸分子的相互接近。     

Attractive and inhibitory pheromones produced in the bark beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis,during host colonization: Regulation of inter- and intraspecific competition

Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined more rapidly than the other pheromones in either sex. The amounts of frontalin andexo-brevicomin in males and females, respectively, increased after initial boring within the host but began to decline after mating. The quantity oftrans-verbenol in both sexes (females had significantly more) declined more gradually thanexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and verbenone. Ipsdienol was found only in males during the initial stages of attack when encountering the resin. It is suggested that along with a general decline in all pheromonal components, a sufficient change in the ratio of the attractive pheromones to an inhibitory pheromone,trans-verbenol, may play a role in termination of aggregation.trans-Verbenol may also function along with verbenone and ipsdienol in limiting the density of attack and thus intraspecific competition. These inhibitory pheromones also appear to cause several competing species of bark beetle to avoid landing in areas infested withD. brevicomis, even when their own pheromone is present.Coleoptera:Scolytidae. These studies were supported in part by the Rockefeller Foundation, USDA Forest Service, Regional research project W-110, SEA/ USDA, and the National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency through a grant (NSF GB-34719/BMS 75-04223) to the University of California.     

PET共聚阻燃改性研究进展

该文综述了近年来聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)以共聚改性方式制备高性能阻燃PET的最新研究进展,主要从磷系共聚阻燃、高温交联、高温重排、高温离子聚集和高温端基捕获链扩展5个方面对阻燃改性PET的阻燃机理和阻燃性能进行阐述,并总结了不同阻燃共聚改性方法的特点,对未来PET共聚阻燃的研究方向提出展望.     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.