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111.
Abstract This study deals with the modeling of air pollution in apartments from laboratory measurements of source strengths, using formaldehyde and Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) as model pollutants. The sources in two test apartments were grouped into two: building-related sources and occupant-related sources. The measured source strengths and ventilation rates were used for the prediction of concentrations expected in the apartments. These predictions were compared to measurements in the apartment over 12 months. The conclusions were that the model predictions based on emission rates measured in the laboratory can be used to predict the long-term concentration of the two model pollutants in the apartments. Considering the measured differences in ventilation between the apartments, an occupant emission rate of between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/h/kg body weight could be estimated. Based on previous suggested limits of acceptable exposures of humans to VOCs, an acceptable average emission rate of VOCs from building materials in general was estimated to be about 30 (μ/m2/h. The modeling showed that during the first 200 days, building materials dominated the emissions. After this, sources relating to the occupants dominated. On average about half of the VOC pollution originated from the building materials. 相似文献
112.
The evolution of surface defects during shape rolling of high‐speed steel billets is studied using longitudinal surface defects prepared by machining and welding. The reduction of the defects during rolling in a production mill is compared to the total area reduction of the billets. Samples are collected after pass 4, 6, 8, 14, 19 and the final pass, 28, representing the finished 5.5mm wire. By inspecting the cross sections, the rotation of the billets from pass to pass is evaluated. Results from FE simulations on solid billets are compared to the experimental results. Generally, simulations predict less reduction than observed experimentally. In most cases cracks reduce most effectively followed by carbon steel welds and stainless steel welds. 相似文献
113.
介绍了城市轨道交通直流牵引供电系统的构成,详细叙述了直流牵引供电系统的主要电气设备及其连接方法,以及系统的运行方式.另外,还简单介绍了系统配置的直流保护以及保护原理和保护作用. 相似文献
114.
115.
本文介绍一种基于VME总线的高速A/D缓冲系统的原理和结构。着重阐述了高速数据采集技术,高速FIFO缓冲技术,存储器总线切换技术,VME及PC/ISA总线接口技术在本系统中的成功应用。 相似文献
116.
金属矿山深热矿井气温的预测计算是一个难题,本文探讨了应用灰色系统预测理论来解决这一难题的新途径,并通过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
117.
118.
徐云生 《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,21(6):21-25
基于太阳辐射的光变特性和多层薄膜材料的变色效应,分析了新型太阳能节能窗对热候,冷候和温候空调的工作原理,重点讨论了可实现外加参量的动态调节透光性的薄膜材料的性能。 相似文献
119.
利用平板型热管纺丝装置对普通高速纺丝机进行技术改造,并一步法生产出充分结晶的PET纤维(FCY)。该纤维可直接用于织造,调节热管温度、热管安装位置可获得满足后道工序不同需要的FCY。 相似文献
120.
Air entrainment in fresh concrete with PFA 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
D.S. Zhang 《Cement and Concrete Composites》1996,18(6):409-416
The results of a study into the influence of PFA on air entrainment in fresh concrete are discussed It is shown that the required dosage of AEA to produce an air content of 5.5 ± 0.5% in a PFA modified concrete mix is two-six times that required in the corresponding neat OPC concrete mix. The dosage of a vinsol based air entraining agent (AEA) required appears to be directly related to the PFA content of the mix. Similar direct relationships were obtained with a range of different PFAs. The dosage of an AEA based on the salt of a fatty acid appears to be sensitive to both PFA and OPC contents. For the type of PFA used, the variability of measured air content or the amount of air retained after continued agitation both indicated that vinsol based AEAs show the highest variability whilst fatty acid based AEAs show low variability. The between batch variability of air content was significantly improved by the addition of PFA regardless of the AEA used. 相似文献