海藻酸辛酰胺的制备及其协同氨基SiO2纳米粒稳定液体石蜡/水乳液的研究

以辛胺为疏水改性剂,采用酰化法制得具有两亲性的海藻酸辛酰胺(ACA)。将ACA与采用修正Stber法制备的氨基二氧化硅(SiO_2-NH_2)纳米粒混合,在超声的作用下制得O/W型Pickering乳液。通过FT-IR,~1H NMR和荧光光谱对ACA的结构和性能进行表征。并采用激光粒度和Zeta电位分析仪、接触角测量仪和光学显微镜探究了ACA,SiO_2-NH_2及其协同水分散体系的胶体性能和相应的Pickering乳液的形貌。结果表明:ACA的取代度为0.29,在0.15 mol/L Na Cl水溶液中的临界聚集浓度(cac)为0.42 g/L,表现出较强的两亲性能。ACA通过静电作用力成功地吸附于SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒上,使水动力学粒径只有155 nm的SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒增长至386 nm,Zeta电位由+22.2 mV转变为-30.7 mV,在水溶液中能够表现出良好的稳定性。吸附于SiO_2-NH_2纳米粒表面的ACA可以抑制无机纳米粒的聚沉,而游离的ACA形成的胶束结构的疏水内腔能够增溶油滴,减少小油滴的聚并。光学显微镜中出现了粒径较大的Pickering乳液液滴和粒径较小的传统乳液液滴共存的现象,当ACA质量浓度在0.5 cac~1.0 cac时,2种乳液共存现象最为显著。     

膨润土在织物印花中应用研究

研究了膨润土矿物糊料制备及其流变性能、与常用糊料染料和各种助剂的相容性、印花工艺及配方.结果表明:膨润土经选矿提纯制备矿物印花糊料,可部分替代海藻酸钠用于活性染料印花,印制效果良好,产品得色浓艳,各项牢度指标符合标准要求,     

氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠的制备及对Fe3+的吸附

为有效防止尾矿坝化学堵塞可在排水设施上涂覆海藻酸钠基吸附材料。以海藻酸钠(SA)为基体, 高碘酸钠为氧化剂, 氨基磺酸为改性材料, 制备了一种吸附材料氨基磺酸改性海藻酸钠(MSA), 使用FT-IR、SEM对其进行表征, 并研究了MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附行为。研究结果表明: —NHSO₃H被成功引入到海藻酸二醛(ADA)上制得MSA; MSA吸附Fe³⁺后分子尺寸增大, 分子链空隙增大。MSA吸附Fe³⁺的较佳吸附条件为Fe³⁺初始质量浓度200 mg/L、Fe³⁺溶液pH值2、吸附时间240 min, 吸附温度25 ℃, 此时MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附量最大, 为151 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温式, MSA对Fe³⁺的吸附是单分子层化学吸附; 吸附热力学分析表明吸附过程是一个自发的过程, 且温度升高不利于吸附反应的进行。     

Design of Porous Alginate Hydrogels by Sacrificial CaCO3 Templates: Pore Formation Mechanism

Fabrication of porous alginate hydrogels with a well‐controlled architecture useful for tissue engineering is still a challenge. Here, CaCO₃‐based templating is utilized to design stable alginate gels with controlled pore dimensions in the range of 5–50 μm. The mechanism of pore formation is studied considering two factors affecting the pore size: i) osmotic pressure generated during the dissolution of sacrificial CaCO₃ templates and ii) alginate gel network density. Osmotic pressure can achieve an upper limit of 100 MPa but does not affect the gel porosity. Additional osmotic pressure (range of kPa) induced by dextrans pre‐encapsulated into CaCO₃ vaterite is also insufficient for pore enlargement. Pore stability depends merely on the gel network density and on the number of crosslinking calcium ions provided locally per unit time; pores are collapsed when template dissolution is too slow or if there is insufficient alginate concentration (below 2%). Young's modulus indicates the soft nature of the prepared hydrogels (tens of kPa) applicable as soft porous scaffolds with a tuned internal structure.     

Effects of Various Viscosity Enhancers and pH on Separating Haem from Porcine Red Blood Cells

Haem derived from animal blood is a valuable source of organic iron which may be used as a supplement in foods. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), propylene glycol alginate (PGA) and sodium alginate (SA) as viscosity enhancers on the separation of haem from porcine red blood cells, and on the distribution of iron between the haem and non-haem fractions of the extracts. Iron determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically on the supernatants obtained by centrifuging the cell suspensions and on two successive washings of the cells. In the first washings the total extracted iron content using NaCMC was highest when a high-viscosity grade was used; there were no significant differences (P>0·05) between the results obtained with this material and those obtained using PGA or SA. There were also no significant differences (P>0·05) among the three treatments in terms of non-haem content. The absorbances at 540nm of the first washings were lower when the washing was carried out at pH 1·4 rather than at pH 1·0 or 2·0. There were no significant differences associated with changes in the viscosity enhancer in the absorbances of the second washings, but the absorbances at pH 1·4 were generally higher than those at pH 1·0 or 2·0. Enhancement of the absorbances on the addition of 1,10-o-phenanthroline indicated that the extracted iron was present in the ferrous form.     

复配缓释凝胶吸附处理剂的制备及其除磷释氧性能

研制了海藻酸钠包埋壳聚糖凝胶小球和海藻酸钠/聚乙二醇4000复合包埋纳米过氧化钙缓释凝胶小球复配处理剂,考察其对水体中磷和有机物的去除效果及机理,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、元素能谱仪技术表征材料物化及形貌特征.该处理剂能够高效去除水中单一的磷和有机污染物,且对磷和甲基橙复合污染也具有较高的去除率;在实际河道水体中,该处...     

海藻酸钠-硅藻土包埋石油脱硫菌Rhodococcus sp.H-412

生物菌固定化研究对生物脱硫技术的推广应用具有重要的意义。本文以实验室筛选的、符合4S脱硫代谢途径的Rhodococcus sp．H．412为研究对象,二苯并噻吩（DBT）为生物催化脱硫模拟化舍物,考察了脱硫菌Rhodococcus sp．H．412的固定化操作条件和使用条件。试验结果表明：在交联温度为4℃,交联剂氯化钙溶液浓度为0．10mmol／L,海藻酸钠质量分数为3．0％,添加剂硅藻土质量分数为1．0％,菌胶比（菌体湿重：胶体体积）为1：20的条件下,用8号医用针头造粒,可以得到具有较高的脱硫活性、较好的机械强度和传质性能的固定化细胞颗粒。固定化细胞相对游离细菌而言,具有较高的温度适应能力和较宽的pH适应范围。     

包埋法固定化微生物处理化工废水

本文概括介绍固定化技术,并针对多种化工废水进行生化试验。笔者着重阐述正在进行的海藻酸钠包埋法及对应用于化工废水处理试验进行了比较。最后,对固定化微生物的性能作了评价。     

放射自显影海藻酸钙栓塞微球的制备

利用乳化-内部凝胶化法,将放射显影剂碘化油包封于海藻酸钙微球中.通过改变机械搅拌速率可以控制微球的粒径分布.碘化油/海藻酸钙微球可以作为栓塞制剂阻断患处血供,还可以兼具放射自显影的作用,有利于减少碘化油所导致的不良反应,方便治疗.     

明胶和海藻酸钠的协同作用对乳液稳定性的影响

为了改善目前单一蛋白质明胶(GE)作为乳化剂所制备乳液的不稳定性,研究了明胶和海藻酸钠(AL)复合凝聚物对水包油乳液配方的影响.(电位法和比浊法的分析表明,在总浓度为0.05％和GE与AL的质量浓度之比R为8:1-1:1的比例下,明胶和海藻酸钠由于静电相互作用形成了复合凝聚物.在pH值低于5.1时,2种生物大分子的静电...