新型捕收剂SCA在河南某白钨选矿厂的应用研究

针对白钨矿在低温高碱条件下粗选回收率低的难题, 开发了一种新型捕收剂SCA, 并在河南某白钨选矿厂进行了工业应用。结果表明, SCA比现场用捕收剂FX-6具有更优的白钨捕收性能和更强的耐低温、耐高碱性能; 在抑制剂Y1用量30 g/t、温度10 ℃、pH值11.0、SCA用量220 g/t条件下, 经一粗两扫闭路浮选, 可获得WO₃回收率79.95%的白钨粗精矿, 相比FX-6, 回收率提高了4.53个百分点; 工业应用中, 在捕收剂用量降低20.37 g/t条件下, 使用SCA时的WO₃回收率比使用FX-6时提高了2.76个百分点。SCA在低温高碱条件下对白钨矿的浮选指标较好, 具有广阔的工业应用前景。     

Effects of Feed Water Quality and Pretreatment on NF Membrane Fouling Control

This study is concerned with the effect of water quality and pH adjustment in the pretreatment of feed water on nanofiltration (NF) membrane fouling. The results show that water with higher alkalinity and calcium concentration is prone to foul NF membranes through the deposition of calcium carbonate. However, fouling caused by this kind of water is also more likely to be effectively controlled by dropping the pH value of the feed water using the addition of acid. Further, in this study, hydrochloric acid was found to be a better acid agent than sulfuric acid, as the former induced much lower flux decline rate as compared to the latter. This probably is due to the generally lower solubility of sulfate salts as compared to that of chloride salts.     

Limestone Drain Design Parameters for Acid Rock Drainage Mitigation

Abstract.  Limestone drains are an integral component of some of the most efficacious passive systems for the treatment of acid rock drainage (ARD). A critical design parameter for a limestone drain is the mass of limestone that will be required for effective treatment. This in turn depends on the flow rate, limestone dissolution rate, and associated hydraulic detention time necessary to achieve a certain effluent alkalinity for a given design life. Rates of alkalinity generation and limestone dissolution, and the quality of the limestone in terms of weight fraction of CaCO₃ and percentage CaCO₃ available must be known to determine the required mass of limestone. These parameters were experimentally determined for a natural and synthetic suite of ARD waters. The experimental results show that the empirical change in the alkalinity over time cannot simply be modeled as a first-order process. During the initial stage, the concentration increase is extremely fast, giving a linear and steep rise in the alkalinity. Alkalinity concentrations peaked at elapsed times of 90 to 180 minutes and then declined to a nearly constant value. The decline in alkalinity corresponds with a decline in concentrations of dissolved iron and aluminum, implying that the consumption of alkalinity by the hydrolysis of these metals is faster than the rate of alkalinity production by the dissolution of limestone, so that the reaction appears zero order in the early stage and pseudo-first order later. Because the changes in concentration were complex, considerable uncertainty exists in the rate constants for estimating alkalinity concentration. This causes problems in design equations based solely on a limestone dissolution rate that is estimated from alkalinity generation rates. A more applicable design procedure, combining the kinetics of alkalinity production and consumption with the hydraulics and chemical equilibrium of the system, is illustrated. Research was conducted while the first and third authors were with Ecology and Environment, Inc, Dallas, TX, USA;     

提高循环水浓缩倍数的方法

内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司循环水补充水水质硬度、碱度高,在自然pH值运行下,循环水浓缩倍数最高只能控制在2倍,为了节省水资源,该公司采用加硫酸调节循环水pH值的方法降低循环水碱度来提高循环水浓缩倍数。     

高强粉煤灰混凝土的抗炭化性能研究

为了研究了粉煤灰掺量对混凝土耐久性的影响,进行了试验研究,考察了粉煤灰等量取代水泥对混凝土强度的影响.粉煤灰对混凝土炭化性能的影响以及粉煤灰对混凝土碱度的影响.研究结果表明:掺入粉煤灰和高效减水剂配制的高性能混凝土,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,混凝土的碱度降低;在50%掺量范围内,混凝土的最低pH值为11.7,钢筋不发生锈蚀,高强粉煤灰混凝土在标准条件下炭化28 d后的炭化深度为0.     

高热稳定强碱性离子液体用于碳酸二甲酯合成

以咪唑、氢氧化钾和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([Emim]Br)为原料,制得1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑咪唑盐([Emim]IM)。并考察了一系列咪唑类离子液体对催化碳酸乙烯酯(EC)与甲醇(MeOH)酯交换合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的影响。根据GC-MS分析,推测了反应机理及路径。结果表明:提高碱强度、增加阴离子半径或缩短咪唑阳离子烷基取代基碳链长度均有利于促进酯交换反应的进行。离子液体[Emim]IM具有阴、阳离子作用相对较弱、阴离子电负性较强的特性,将其用于催化EC与MeOH酯交换合成DMC。结果显示,[Emim]IM活性与甲醇钠相当。在反应温度为68℃,n(EC)∶n(MeOH)=1∶10,催化剂用量为反应原料总质量的0.3%时,1 min即达到反应平衡,DMC选择性为100%,收率为88.70%。随着温度升高、MeOH含量增加,DMC收率逐渐升高。即使在0℃下反应,[Emim]IM仍具有较好的催化活性,与商业化的最优1,3-二甲基咪唑碘盐([Mmim]I)离子液体催化效率相当。催化剂重复使用20次,DMC收率一直维持在88%～90%,展现出极佳的稳定性。     

低碱度铜硫分离浮选药剂的研究进展

铜硫矿石是重要的矿产资源,对其进行高效利用、实现绿色环保工艺一直是研究的热点和难点.介绍了铜硫分离浮选过程中难免离子的负面影响、贵金属回收率低等难点以及常规铜硫分离工艺的优缺点.重点介绍近年来低碱度条件下所使用的调整剂及其作用机理,同时对铜硫分离相关药剂进行了展望.     

儿茶素组成对化学氧化形成茶黄素的影响机理

采用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法分离茶多酚,获得纯度为ECG 980.0mg·g-1、EC 960.0mg·g-1、EGC 900.0mg·g-1、EGCG 980.0mg·g-1的儿茶素单体,并以制备的儿茶素单体为反应原料,按照不同的比例,进行碱性氧化和酸性氧化反应,探讨儿茶素组成对茶黄素化学氧化形成的影响及作用机理。结果表明：儿茶素碱性氧化和酸性氧化产物存在明显差异,且碱性氧化产物较酸性氧化产物复杂,存在很多未知的氧化产物,有待进一步鉴定。     

稠油注蒸汽高温降碱剂JJ-9的性能及应用

探讨了注蒸汽过程中蒸汽凝析液的强碱性对碱敏油藏造成较大伤害的原因。对研制的降碱剂JJ-8和JJ-9的高温腐蚀性进行了评价;分析了反应时间和反应温度对降碱剂JJ-9腐蚀速率的影响;优化了降碱剂的注入方式。结果表明,降碱剂JJ-9在高温条件下腐蚀性很低,N80试片的腐蚀速率为2 mg／m2·h以下;JJ-9用量为0.2％就可以将蒸汽凝析液的pH降低到9以下;现场应用时将JJ-8作为前置液,JJ-9伴蒸汽注入的优化注入方式,可持续降低蒸汽凝析液的碱性,效果良好。     

提高碱性中频感应电炉的坩埚寿命

根据中频感应电炉炉衬材料在熔炼过程中寿命低的主要原因,将炉衬材料湿打改为干打,还要加入少量的添加剂如硼酸、氧化铝等打结炉衬,经过生产使用验证,提高了炉衬的使用寿命,经济效益显著。