贝壳填料曝气生物滤池的硝化特性研究

贝壳粗糙的表面及其合有的大量碳酸钙，可作为生物膜的载体及硝化反应的碱度来源。以海产弃物贝壳为生物膜载体，通过改变进水氨氮浓度及pH值，考察了贝壳填料曝气生物滤池的硝化脱氮规律。结果表明：对于氨氮〈120mg／L的原水，贝壳溶解提供的碱度能够满足硝化反应的需要，因此硝化反应进行得比较完全，对氨氮的去除率不受进水氨氮浓度的影响，可达90％以上；而当进水氨氮浓度达240mg／L时，因贝壳溶解提供的碱度不能完全满足硝化反应之所需，硝化反应将停滞，但对氨氮的去除率仍可达65％左右。此外，进水pH值对贝壳填料曝气生物滤池去除氨氮的效果及出水pH值基本没有影响。     

粉煤灰的新型化学激发及低碱混凝土配合比研究

根据绿色植被混凝土中植物生长对混凝土碱度的要求,采用新型酸性激发剂X激发粉煤灰活性,制备高掺量粉煤灰混凝土;并以化学方法进行降碱处理,制备出低碱混凝土。探索新型酸性激发剂X激发粉煤灰活性的最优工艺、碱度的降低方法,为制备绿色植被混凝土奠定了物质基础。     

窑灰与粉煤灰复合作为混凝土掺合料的研究

以粉煤灰和窑灰与普通硅酸盐水泥组成的复合体为试验对象,采用新型水泥水化过程测定方法（仪器为非接触式电阻率测定仪）以及水化热测试方法,对粉煤灰一窑灰一水泥的水化过程进行了研究,结果表明：窑灰与粉煤灰有着良好的复合效应,且粉煤灰能有效固化和吸附窑灰中的有害离子,克服过量碱对混凝土的有害作用。通过SEM研究了该浆体微观结构的发展,并测定了砂浆的抗折及抗压强度,结果进一步证明了上述结论。     

低碱硫铝酸盐水泥水化硬化历程调控及其微结构分析

采用缓凝组分硼砂对低碱硫铝酸盐水泥颗粒实施有效包裹,解决了水化凝结速度过快的难题,引入水分子和较小的离子缓慢渗透通过硼酸钙包裹层模型,并结合降低硼酸钙包裹层外液相浓度机制,建立了先缓凝后早强模型。研究了硼砂、锂化合物对低碱硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间、水化历程、力学性能及微观结构的影响。试验结果表明,可通过控制硼砂和锂化合物的掺量实现低碱硫铝酸盐水泥水化硬化历程的调控;硼砂仅降低了水化产物的生成速率,锂化合物仅提高了水化产物的生成速率,两者对水化产物种类无影响;硼砂和锂化合物的复合使用能降低总孔隙率和平均孔径,能明显优化硬化浆体微结构。     

直接挤压孔溶液的氯离子存在状态及碱度研究

通过对直接挤压得到的孔溶液进行化学分析,研究了水灰比、龄期、氯盐掺量、碳化暴露等因素对水泥基材料孔溶液的氯离子存在状态以及碱度的影响规律.结果表明:孔溶液中的自由氯离子浓度与水灰比及氯盐掺量有关;随着龄期延长,水化产物对氯离子的结合率上升.在自由氯离子浓度较高的情况下,孔溶液中的氯离子结合率降低;完全碳化条件下孔溶液中的自由氯离子浓度表现出明显增大的趋势,提高幅度为1～11倍;碳化后孔溶液中的氯离子结合率比未碳化试块的孔溶液降低了27%～54%;碳化使得孔溶液的碱度由13.19～13.47降至7.67～8.10.碳化反应降低了水泥浆体的pH值,释放了自由氯离子,极大地改变了混凝土内部的化学环境.     

25 years of the AMTREAT® process treating high‐strength ammonia liquors

Over the last 30 years, a number of biological treatment processes have emerged for treating high‐strength ammonia liquors arising from the dewatering of anaerobic digestate. The AMTREAT® process was the first process to become established and recognised as a viable and reliable process to treat these high‐strength ammonia liquors. The process is a high‐rate activated sludge plant supplied by ACWA Services Ltd. The first full‐scale plant was installed in 1995, treating centrate produced when dewatering anaerobically digested sludge. The process is a compact, high‐rate ammonia treatment system, which has a relatively small footprint compared to conventional activated sludge treatment processes. Originally designed to fully nitrify dewatering ammonia liquors by controlling the environmental conditions of the treatment reactor, the process has evolved first to include alkalinity recovery and subsequently to offer total nitrogen removal. This paper discusses the development of the AMTREAT® process from its initial development in 1992, to the modern day third generation plants which achieve typical achieve ammonia removal exceeding 99% and total nitrogen removal in excess of 80%.     

厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)的六大优点

分析了厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）的六大优点,与连续流厌氧反应器相比,ASBR构造简单、投资省,生物絮凝和固液分离效果好,水头损失小、动力费用低,生化反应推动力大,可形成以甲烷八叠球菌为优势茵的颗粒污泥,处理高浓度有机废水时对碱度的需求量少,运行费用低。     

Role of Bedrock and Surficial Geology in Determining the Sensitivity of Thunder Bay Area Lakes to Acidification

During 1979–82, samples from 331 lakes in the Thunder Bay area were analyzed for alkalinity, conductivity, and pH. Eight lakes (2.4%) were extremely sensitive to acidification (alk. < 40 μeq/L), 259 (78.2%) had moderate to low sensitivity (alk. 40–500 μeq/L) and 64 (19.4%) were not sensitive (alk. >500 μeq/L). Conductivity was <35 μS/cm in 91 (27%) lakes and 43 (13%) lakes had a pH of < 6.5. Lake buffering capacity was related to bedrock and surficial geology. Glacial lacustrine and outwash deposits were associated with higher alkalinities on sensitive bedrock terrain, whereas glacial ground and end moraines had little effect. All lakes with calcarous material in their watershed had elevated alkalinities, regardless of surficial geology. Geological sensitivity mapping that combines both bedrock and surficial geology can aid managers in predicting lake sensitivity.     

微计算机锅炉水质分析仪的研究

微计算机锅炉水质分析仪，介用微计算机控制的智能化全自动仪器。本文对锅炉水质分析仪的功能、结构和设计特点作了简要的阐述。较炙详细地论述了微计算机在采用徨水质进行分析方面的应用。     

Cu-SSZ-13的合成与金属改性及催化MTO性能

以低廉的铜氨络合物（Cu-TEPA）为模板剂,通过原位水热合成法制备了Cu-SSZ-13。考察了两种铜盐和氢氧化钠用量对Cu-SSZ-13的晶相结构和形貌的影响,测试了两种铜盐制备的Cu-SSZ-13和金属改性的Cu-SSZ-13在甲醇制烯烃（MTO）中的催化性能。用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N2等温吸附-脱附（BET）和NH3程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明：碱度对Cu-SSZ-13的结晶度有很大影响,较高或较低的碱度会导致方沸石杂晶的产生,甚至生成纯相方沸石;在MTO反应中,硝酸铜制备的Cu-SSZ-13的氢转移反应剧烈,反应初期丙烷选择性达到40％,远高于硫酸铜制备的Cu-SSZ-13的19％。锰改性的Cu-SSZ-13明显提高了抗积炭失活能力,在反应温度440℃和质量空速5h-1条件下的催化寿命从未改性的30min延长到65min。