碳基硼基催化体系丙烷氧化脱氢催化剂的研究进展

以碳基硼基为代表的非金属催化剂氧化能力不如金属氧化物,这使得非金属催化体系如碳基和硼基催化剂对于丙烷氧化脱氢反应具有独特的优势。本文综述了应用廉价环保型改性碳基和硼基的非金属丙烷脱氢催化剂将丙烷转化为丙烯的技术前沿,阐述了有序介孔炭材料,纳米碳材料（纳米纤维、石墨烯、碳纳米金刚石等）和六方氮化硼材料各自的丙烷氧化脱氢机理以及通过杂原子改性后提高其催化活性的情况。并对其未来的发展方向以及丙烷氧化脱氢新材料领域的发展做了展望。     

聚多巴胺修饰纳米SiO2颗粒

纳米SiO₂颗粒粒径小、比表面积大,广泛用做填料、涂料、催化剂等。由于纳米SiO₂颗粒表面能高、亲水性强、易团聚、在聚合物基体中的分散性差,需要对其表面修饰改性。多巴胺（DA）分子具有类似贻贝分泌的黏附蛋白的结构单元儿茶酚和活性基团氨基,在碱性条件下,通过氧化自聚可在多种材料表面沉积,形成富含活性基团的聚多巴胺（PDA）包覆层,可进行二次修饰,是近期发展的一种新型表面修饰方法。本文针对纳米SiO₂颗粒表面的PDA功能化修饰,分析了该修饰方法的工艺特点及优势,阐述了SiO₂@PDA纳米颗粒及SiO₂/PDA共聚复合颗粒的制备路线及应用,总结了SiO₂@PDA颗粒表面二次功能化修饰的研究进展。分析表明,SiO₂@PDA表面易于接枝功能化聚合物分子,并可负载功能纳米颗粒,有利于拓展SiO₂纳米颗粒的多功能应用。关于多巴胺与SiO₂纳米颗粒的表面反应机制、沉积动力学、聚合机理等仍需进一步研究。     

合成气在K－Fe－MnO／Silicalite－2催化剂上转化为低碳烯烃的研究 I．K_2O助剂的作用

Ｋ２Ｏ是催化剂Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ／Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－２由合成气制低碳烯烃的有效助剂，Ｋ２Ｏ能明显提高催化剂活性及低碳烯烃选择性。Ｋ２Ｏ助剂将抑制部分铁的还原，但能增强催化剂对ＣＯ的吸附能力，从而能提高催化剂活性，抑制甲烷的生成，Ｋ２Ｏ助剂能抑制乙烯在催化剂表面的二次反应（尤其是乙烯的歧化反应），从而提高ＣＯ／Ｈ及反应制低碳烯烃的选择性。     

催化裂化柴油和焦化柴油中烯烃类型及分布表征

制备了Ag-SiO2固定相。采用固相萃取(SPE)技术分离催化裂化柴油和焦化柴油中的烯烃, GC/MS和1H NMR表征烯烃的类型和碳数分布。结果表明：催化裂化柴油和焦化柴油中的烯烃类型主要包括正构α-烯烃、内单烯烃、双烯烃和环烯烃;催化裂化柴油烯烃中的内烯氢摩尔分数为80.41%;而焦化柴油中的正构α-烯氢摩尔分数为53.32%;催化裂化柴油中的烯烃碳数集中在C11～C15,焦化柴油中的烯烃碳数集中在C12～C22。     

甲酸甲酯与烯烃反应合成酯的催化体系及反应机理

随着甲酸甲酯大规模工业化的实现,加速其下游产品的开发利用,日益成为普通关注的一大课题。近年来,利用甲酸甲酯替代CO／CH3OH与烯烃的加氢酯化反应也逐渐成为研究热点。本文系统介绍了甲酸甲酯与烯烃反应合成酯的催化体系,并对反应机理进行了讨论。     

Tuning Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors by Direct Pyrolysis of Seaweeds

The sea provides a large variety of seaweeds that, because of their chemical composition, are fantastic precursors of nanotextured carbons. The carbons are obtained by the simple pyrolysis of the seaweeds under a nitrogen atmosphere between 600 and 900 °C, followed by rinsing the product in slightly acidic water. Depending on the origin of the seaweed and on the pyrolysis conditions, the synthesis may be oriented to give an oxygen‐enriched carbon or to give a tuned micro/mesoporous carbon. The samples with a rich oxygenated surface functionality are excellent as supercapacitor electrodes in an aqueous medium whereas the perfectly tuned porous carbons are directly applicable for organic media. In both cases, the specific surface area of the attained carbons does not exceed 1300 m² g⁻¹, which results in high‐density materials. As a consequence, the volumetric capacitance is very high, making these materials more interesting than activated carbons from the point of view of developing small and compact electric power sources. Such versatile carbons, obtained by a simple, ecological, and cheap process, could be well used for environment remediation such as water and air treatment.     

Advances in Bioapplications of Carbon Nanotubes

This progress report provides an overview on recent advances in bioapplications of carbon nanotubes including the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes, targeting specifically their covalent and noncovalent conjugations with a variety of biological and bioactive species (proteins and peptides, DNAs/RNAs, and carbohydrates). Furthermore, the significant recent development and progress in the use of carbon nanotubes for biosensors, drug and other delivery systems, bioimaging, etc. and in the understanding of in vivo biodistribution and toxicity of carbon nanotubes are reported.     

PtRu nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes as catalyst for methanol electrooxidation

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNT) obtained by plasma treatment were compared to the conventional acid-treated carbon nanotubes (O-CNT) as catalyst support for platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) nanoparticles in the anodic oxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells. PtRu catalysts were prepared by an impregnation-reduction method from chloride precursors with metal loadings of 20 wt.%, and were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. Voltammetry and chronoamperometry studies showed that the performance of PtRu/N-CNT was significantly higher compared to PtRu/O-CNT and also to the commercial E-TEK PtRu/C catalyst, indicating that N-CNT are an interesting support material for fuel cell electrocatalyst. Nitrogen plasma treatment produced pyridinic and pyrrollic species on the CNT surface, which acts as the anchoring sites for the deposition of PtRu particles. A mechanism for the deposition of PtRu on N-CNT is tentatively proposed and discussed.     

Kinetics of hydroformylation of 1-decene using homogeneous HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 catalyst: a molecular level approach

The kinetics of hydroformylation of 1-decene using homogenous HRh(CO)(PPh₃)₃ catalyst has been reported in the temperature range of 50–70 °C. The effect of catalyst,P _{H 2},P _CO, and 1-decene concentration on the rate of hydroformylation has been studied. Based on the analysis of initial rate data, a rate equation has been proposed and kinetic parameters evaluated. The activation energy was found to be 11.76 kcal/mol. A molecular level approach to kinetic modelling has also been illustrated. The rate equation derived assuming oxidative addition of H₂ as a rate determining step, has been found to represent the data satisfactorily. The rate parameters for the mechanistic model have been evaluated for the data at 60 °C.NCL Communication No. 5735.