烷基糖苷—新型世界级表面活性剂

本文综述了烷基糖苷的合成方法、物化性能及应用性能。     

用于聚丙烯插层的蒙脱土化学修饰与表征

采用长链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对钠基蒙脱土进行化学修饰，制得有机蒙脱土，采用红外（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）等手段，对有机化蒙脱土的结构进行表征．实验结果表明，长链季铵盐通过离子交换反应可有效修饰蒙脱土，有机阳离子置换掉蒙脱土层间的金属阳离子．蒙脱土经插层处理后，其晶层间距都比原始蒙脱土的层间距有所增加．由于有机阳离子体积较大，从而将蒙脱土片层撑开，层间距增大，减弱了蒙脱土片层间的静电吸引力和化学键合力，改善层间微环境，使粘土内外表面由亲水性转变为疏水性，降低硅酸盐表面能，有利于聚合物插入层间．     

Antioxidant effects of gallic acid alkyl esters of various chain lengths in oyster during frying process

The antioxidant effects of gallic acid (GA) and its alkyl esters including methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate (GA-C4), octyl gallate, lauryl gallate, hexadecyl gallate and octadecyl gallate in frying oil (soybean oil) and oyster during frying were investigated. Rancimat induction period (RIP) assay indicated GA and its alkyl esters effectively improved the oxidative stability of soybean oil according to the ‘polar paradox’; that is, the antioxidant effects of the polyphenols decreased in lipid system with the increasing of hydrophobicity. Results also indicated that GA and its alkyl esters all effectively retarded lipid oxidation in oyster tissue according to parameters including RIP, peroxide value and electron spin resonance assays. Moreover, the antioxidant efficiency in oyster increased with the alkyl chain length until GA-C4, and thereafter, the antioxidant effects decreased, similar to the ‘cut-off effect’. This study provides basic data for improving the oxidative stability of seafood during frying.     

红薯淀粉烷基多糖苷的制备及性能

以红薯淀粉、异丙醇、十二醇为主要原料,丙三醇为两相溶剂,利用转糖苷化法合成了红薯淀粉烷基多糖苷表面活性剂,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、原料配比等对烷基多糖苷性能的影响。结果表明:当n(红薯淀粉)∶n(异丙醇)∶n(十二醇)=1∶5∶1,反应温度为110~120℃,反应时间为6h,催化剂用量0.9%时,所得产品的表面张力为24.74~28.12mN/m,临界胶束浓度约为0.202g/L,接触角测试结果显示其润湿性良好,红外和核磁表征结果显示所得产物为目标产物。     

Intensity enhancement of photoluminescent polyesters by photocrosslinking

A series of polyesters with alkylated triazole heterocyclic rings at the branches were designed and synthesized via the polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polyesters were examined with various spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The alkyl chain length at the branch was found to affect the thermal stability of the polyesters, which decreased with longer alkyl chain. These polyesters possessed an aggregation‐induced emission enhancement characteristic evidenced by the transformation of the clear solutions in tetrahydrofuran with weak greenish blue emission to cloudy solutions with enhanced blue emission when water was added to promote aggregation. Furthermore, enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity was observed when the polyesters underwent photocrosslinking upon UV irradiation and appeared as self‐assembled aggregates. The formation of aggregates in the water ? tetrahydrofuran solutions and after photocrosslinking was confirmed via TEM analysis. The SEM images showed that the photocrosslinked polyesters were highly porous which may enhance the π ? π stacking interaction that improved the photoluminescence intensity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

行业标准醇醚羧酸盐产品中残留一氯乙酸（盐）测定方法改进研究

概述了目前可行的一些分析表面活性剂产品中残留的氯乙酸盐的分析方法,总结了各个方法的优缺点。同时对行业标准QB/T 2950-2008《醇(酚)醚羧酸(盐)》中规定的氯乙酸乙酯化方法的细节进行了深入研究。研究结果表明,将溶解标样的溶剂由水改为乙醇后,极大改善了标准曲线的线性;通过对蒸馏过程的进一步细化,提高了方法的精密度;采用气相色谱无分流进样技术,以氢火焰代替质谱检测器进行研究取得了良好的效果。     

Heavy paraffin dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline: Effects of operating conditions

Auto-thermal heat exchanger configurations are recognized as a novel concept in process intensification. In the current study, the influence of operating conditions in a novel coupling reactor with radial-flow pattern is investigated for heavy paraffin dehydrogenation process. Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline takes place in the exothermic side and supplies the necessary heat for the endothermic dehydrogenation of heavy paraffin reaction. The performance of the reactor is numerically investigated for various key operating variables, such as inlet molar flow rates of exothermic and endothermic streams, number of subsections, and exothermic side angle. The reactor performance is analyzed based on temperature, olefin production rate, and nitrobenzene conversion.     

STRUCTURAL TYPES IN PETROLEUM ASPHALTENES AS DEDUCED FROM PYROLYSIS/GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY

ABSTRACT

An integrated technique has been developed for the study of the thermal chemistry of petroleum fractions—particularly the asphaltenes. The procedure involves the integrated use of a pyroprobe/gas chroma-tographic/mass spectrometric technique which offers information about the structuraI-types and distribution within the volatile products from the thermal decomposition of asphaltenes. The technique offers itself as an attractive on-line analytical method for the study of structural types that occur in asphaltenes as well as a technique for studying the parameters that can influence asphaltene decomposition. The concept of deducing “average” structures of asphaltenes is briefly discussed in terms of the observance of the lower molecular weight species in the volatile products of the thermal decomposition.     

基于不同自组装单层的酞菁氧钒薄膜晶体管

研究了不同界面修饰层对酞菁氧钒(VOPc)薄膜晶体管性能的影响。通过AFM图谱分析不同界面修饰层上VOPc薄膜的生长行为,通过半导体参数测试仪测试分析不同界面上器件的电学特性。实验结果表明,十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS-18)修饰后生长的VOPc薄膜,比正辛基三氯硅烷(OTS-8)和苯基三氯硅烷(PTS)修饰后的薄膜晶体尺寸更大、质量更优;基于OTS-18修饰的底栅顶接触型VOPc有机薄膜晶体管,在4种结构器件中具有最高的场效应迁移率(0.51cm2/V·s),相对于未修饰的器件迁移率提高了近40倍。较长的烷基链能够有效地隔绝VOPc分子和二氧化硅之间的相互作用,利于形成大晶粒尺寸、少缺陷的优质薄膜,获得高迁移率的TFT器件。绝缘层表面自组装单分子层的厚度对其上薄膜的生长行为和相应器件的性能影响极为明显,这一结论对有机半导体薄膜生长和器件制备具有指导意义。     

FTIR micro‐reflectance absorption spectroscopic analysis of chemisorbed reaction films for tribological applications

Chemisorbed reaction films (CRFs) were prepared by using iron (Fe) particles (100–200 mess size) and thio (sulfur) derivatives of ethyl octadecenoate and methyl 12‐hydroxy octadecenoate in the light viscosity paraffin liquid medium. The reaction was conducted in a simulated condition of tribo‐chemical situation. CRFs were obtained in solid amorphous phase. The CRFs were examined for elemental composition and layer analysis using C‐H‐N‐O‐S analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy micro‐reflectance absorption spectroscopic technique. Further, the CRFs were isolated into organic solvent soluble fractions using polar solvents of increasing polar strength. Their elemental analyses were studied, and chemical constitutions were known. Friction coefficient and wear scar diameter were evaluated by high frequency reciprocating rig, PLINT TE‐77 machine. Thermal stability was studied using thermogravimetric analysis technique in nitrogen environment. These studies inferred that CRFs appeared varying in its composition, luster, phase, chemical structure and thermal stability. Nonetheless, these were also found anomalous in elemental distribution throughout the layer structure of the CRFs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.