Synthesis and Properties of 4,4′-Di(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Tetradecyl) Diphenyl Methane Disulfonate Salt

The gemini surfactant, sodium 4,4′-di(n-tetradecyl) diphenyl methane disulfonate, has been synthesized in four steps with high yield and only one isomer. The structures of intermediate products were analyzed by ¹H-NMR spectrometry and elemental analysis. Mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of the final product. The Krafft point, surface tension, and critical micelle concentration of the aqueous solution and the oil–water interfacial tension were measured. The results indicate that the gemini surfactant exhibits an ultra-low interfacial tension of 7.22 × 10^?3 mN/m, which shows potential applications for enhanced oil recovery.     

烷基糖苷在高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂中的应用研究

选用新一代绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)为乳化剂,研制高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂,对溶剂、表面活性剂的用量进行了对比与筛选,通过制剂质量技术指标的测定,确定了5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂的最佳配方。对最佳配方进行了重复性试验,表明该剂型具有良好的热、冷贮稳定性,各项理化指标均符合微乳剂产品标准要求。     

Enzymatic Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate Using a Novel Lysoplasmalogen‐Specific Phopholipase D

Many phospholipase Ds (PLDs) are known to catalyze transphosphatidylation as well as hydrolysis of phospholipids. Transphosphatidylation of lysoplasmalogen (LyPls)‐specific phospholipase D (LyPls‐PLD), which catalyzes hydrolysis of ether lysophospholipids such as LyPls and 1‐hexadecyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (Lyso‐PAF), still remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the transphosphatidylation activity of LyPls‐PLD, that is, the production of cyclic ether lysophospholipid. The enzymatic reaction is conducted in a buffer system, and the reaction products of a novel LyPls‐PLD from Thermocrispum sp. are investigated using mass spectrometry (MS). MS analyses demonstrate the reaction products to consist of 100% 1‐hexadecyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate (cLyPA) and choline from Lyso‐PAF; however, 1‐alkenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐2,3‐cyclic‐phosphate from 1‐O‐1′‐(Z)‐octadecenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine and 1‐O‐1′‐(Z)‐octadecenyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine is not produced. These results are expected to help in elucidating the catalytic mechanism of LyPls‐PLD, that is, the rate‐limiting step, and indicate LyPls‐PLD to be useful for the one‐pot synthesis of cLyPA. Practical Applications: A novel phospholipase D, LyPls‐PLD, can exclusively synthesize cLyPA from Lyso‐PAF using a one‐step enzymatic reaction without an organic solvent. cLyPA could be expected to show bioactivities similar to those of cyclic phosphatidic acid, which promotes normal cell differentiation, hyaluronic acid synthesis, antiproliferative activity in fibroblasts, and inhibitory activity toward cancer cell invasion and metastasis.     

(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的负离子聚合Ⅰ.聚合特点及适用的单官能团引发剂体系

综合分析了近年来有关(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯负离子聚合所取得的成就,包括该类单体对负离子聚合的重要意义、聚合难点和解决办法.介绍了聚合特点和单官能团引发剂体系.     

短碳链烷基多糖苷的合成技术研究

以葡萄糖和正丁醇为原料,考察了此非均相反应体系中反应温度、催化剂对合成短碳锭烷基多糖苷的反应过程的影响。结果表明,在最佳工艺条件时,糖的转人弦可达９９．５％,反应动力学研究的结果显示,该反应为假一级反应,表观反应速率常数Ｋ＝０．０４０３６,活化能Ｅａ＝３７１０６ＪＩ／ｍｏｌ。     

酶催化合成烷基糖苷的研究进展

烷基糖苷是新一代的非离子表面活性剂,综述了近年来国内外酶催化烷基糖苷的作用机理,重点介绍了糖苷化的两种反应类型,即逆水解反应和转糖基反应。     

一步法合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷反应过程研究

以正十二醇和葡萄糖为原料一步法制备十二烷基葡萄糖苷,研究了不同反应条件(催化体系、催化剂用量、温度、醇糖比等)对反应过程转化率和选择性的影响,提出了此反应过程的物理模型。研究结果表明,合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的反应主要由生成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的主反应和生成多糖的副反应组成。十二醇与葡萄糖反应生成烷基葡萄糖苷的主反应属于液相反应机理,首先葡萄糖溶解于十二醇中,然后与十二醇发生均相反应,碳正离子与十二醇的反应是整个反应的控制步骤。反应过程中,反应体系中部分固相葡萄糖处于熔融状态,能捕捉液相中的催化剂,生成多糖副产物。不同反应条件下的实验结果表明,此反应机理能很好地描述反应过程,为此反应过程的动力学研究提供了理论基础。     

醇溶性无机富锌涂料的研究与应用

醇溶性无机富锌涂料是以硅酸烷基酯为基料,配以锌粉以及其他颜填料、溶剂、助剂等制成。主要介绍了醇溶性无机富锌底漆的防腐机理、配方研究和检测结果,试验证明聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的加入能显著改善漆膜的性能,采用磷铁粉代替部分锌粉后,涂料的防腐蚀性能会有所下降。同时介绍了醇溶性无机富锌涂料的应用领域及使用注意事项。     

粘接炸药的室温硫化硅橡胶胶粘剂的研究

选用多种甲基丙烯酸（酯）单体的混合物与107硅橡胶进行自由基共聚合改性,用IR、GPC等分析方法对共聚物结构和组成进行表征。用甲基丙烯酸（酯）改性107硅橡胶胶粘剂并配用酸性偶联剂和碱性偶联剂对JOB－9003、JH－9005炸药进行粘接试验,结果表明,改性后的硅橡胶具有较高的粘接力。     

γ-(2,3-环氧丙烷)丙基三甲氧基硅烷水解研究

为获得充分水解,且尽量避免缩聚的有机硅氧烷水解产物,以γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPT-MS)为例,对有机硅氧烷的水解工艺进行研究.结果表明,中性介质、常温搅拌有利于降低水解得到的Si-OH发生缩聚反应;Si-OH的缩聚反应随着水含量的增加而下降,GPTMS的水解、缩聚反应随着反应温度的提高而加快;GP...