Effect of primary alpha phase variation on mechanical behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Small punch tests (SPTs) have been carried out at room temperature to correlate the microstructural variation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy with that of SPT parameters. Microstructural variation in terms of different volume fractions of primary alpha phase of Ti–6Al–4V alloy has been introduced as a result of solution annealing at different temperatures followed by thermal aging. Small punch test parameters, i.e. total area under the load vs displacement curve, area under the zone of elastic bending, plastic bending and plastic instability have been found to increase from the content of 10% primary alpha phase to 20% primary alpha phase and then these are decreasing from the content of 20% primary alpha phase to 30% primary alpha phase.     

改进的极化SAR点散射目标扰动滤波检测方法

为完成极化合成孔径雷达(PolSAR)图像中点散射像素目标的检测,从几何扰动滤波检测点散射像素的基本原理出发,分析了经典方法存在的相干度参数阈值无法自适应获取和不同散射机制共享同一阈值两个问题,提出利用Cloude-Pottier分解结果中熵参数的分布情况计算得到阈值,利用平均阿尔法角参数完成不同散射机制的初分类,对初分类的结果排序得到的某种散射机制对应的相干度参数的比例因子,根据比例因子计算得到该类散射机制的阈值,从而完成点散射目标的检测。对机载合成孔径雷达（AIRSAR）数据集中的San Francisco Bay图像进行了实验,结果表明,改进方法在检测性能上优于经典方法。     

Acute β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl Butyrate Suppresses Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Oxidation While Increasing Lipid Content in Myotubes

Leucine modulates synthetic and degradative pathways in muscle, possibly providing metabolic benefits for both athletes and diseased populations. Leucine has become popular among athletes for improving performance and body composition, however little is known about the metabolic effects of the commonly consumed leucine‐derived metabolite β‐hydroxy‐β‐methyl butyrate (HMB). Our work measured the effects of HMB on metabolic protein expression, mitochondrial content and metabolism, as well as lipid content in skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, cultured C2C12 myotubes were treated with either a control or HMB ranging from 6.25 to 25 μM for 24 h and mRNA and/or protein expression, oxygen consumption, glucose uptake, and lipid content were measured. Contrary to leucine's stimulatory effect on metabolism, HMB‐treated cells exhibited significantly reduced regulators of lipid oxidation including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and PPARβ/δ, as well as downstream target carnitine palmitoyl transferase, without alterations in glucose or palmitate oxidation. Furthermore, HMB significantly inhibited activation of the master regulator of energetics, AMP‐activated protein kinase. As a result, HMB‐treated cells also displayed reduced total mitochondrial content compared with true control or cells equivocally treated with leucine. Additionally, HMB treatment amplified markers of lipid biosynthesis (PPARγ and fatty acid synthase) as well as consistently promoted elevated total lipid content versus control cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HMB did not improve mitochondrial metabolism or content, and may promote elevated cellular lipid content possibly through heightened PPARγ expression. These observations suggest that HMB may be most beneficial for populations interested in stimulating anabolic cellular processes.     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化1-癸烯齐聚反应的研究

使用活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂,对1-癸烯齐聚反应进行研究,考察磷钨酸负载量、催化剂活化温度、活化时间、反应温度、反应压力和反应时间对1-癸烯转化率的影响。确定最佳的工艺条件为:磷钨酸负载质量分数37%,催化剂活化温度200℃,活化时间3 h,反应温度180℃,反应压力0.5 MPa,反应时间4 h。在此条件下,对聚烯烃合成油的物化性能进行研究,结果表明,采用活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂催化1-癸烯齐聚合成油100℃黏度为4.60 mm2·s-1,黏度指数为126,凝点为-58℃,1-癸烯转化率为83.5%。     

SARM1 Ablation Is Protective and Preserves Spatial Vision in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration

The challenge of developing gene therapies for genetic forms of blindness is heightened by the heterogeneity of these conditions. However, mechanistic commonalities indicate key pathways that may be targeted in a gene-independent approach. Mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration are common features of many neurodegenerative conditions including retinal degenerations. Here we explore the neuroprotective effect afforded by the absence of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a prodegenerative NADase, in a rotenone-induced mouse model of retinal ganglion cell loss and visual dysfunction. Sarm1 knockout mice retain visual function after rotenone insult, displaying preservation of photopic negative response following rotenone treatment in addition to significantly higher optokinetic response measurements than wild type mice following rotenone. Protection of spatial vision is sustained over time in both sexes and is accompanied by increased RGC survival and additionally preservation of axonal density in optic nerves of Sarm1^−/− mice insulted with rotenone. Primary fibroblasts extracted from Sarm1^−/− mice demonstrate an increased oxygen consumption rate relative to those from wild type mice, with significantly higher basal, maximal and spare respiratory capacity. Collectively, our data indicate that Sarm1 ablation increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and confers histological and functional protection in vivo in the mouse retina against mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of many neurodegenerative conditions including a variety of ocular disorders.     

苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用研究

为了比较研究各种不同提取方法下的苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,分别对苦荞总黄酮溶液、苦荞水溶性黄酮溶液、苦荞醇溶性黄酮溶液用α-淀粉酶进行体外活性抑制作用试验,并绘制抑制曲线,所得的结果与阿卡波糖进行比较。结果表明:阿卡波糖、苦荞总黄酮、苦荞水溶性黄酮、苦荞醇溶性黄酮对α-淀粉酶均有抑制作用,其半抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为0.095、0.086、0.10、0.202 mg/mL。本研究为三种提取产物在防治糖尿病及其并发症等方面的应用提供参考,具有较大的理论意义和应用价值。     

大豆卵磷脂脂质体制备的研究

以大豆油脚为原料，用溶剂法－－超临界CO2法制备高纯度大豆卵磷脂。以此为包封材料，用反相蒸发法制备果酸脂质体。用透射电子显微镜表征了其形态结构，证实其直径在100－200nm之间。比较了果酸浓度对包封率的影响，同时测试了温度对泄露率的影响，结果表明，果酸浓度为0.3mg/mL时可以得到较好的包封率，温度升高会使脂质体的泄漏率增加。