Effects of the two-color laser on relativistic muon motion

Considering the mixture after muon-catalyzed fusion(μCF) reaction as overdense plasma,we analyze muon motion in the plasma induced by a linearly polarized two-colour laser,particularly,the effect of laser parameters on the muon momentum and trajectory.The results show that muon drift along the propagation of laser and oscillation perpendicular to the propagation remain after the end of the laser pulse.Under appropriate parameters,muon can go from the skin layer into field-free matter in a time period of much less than the pulse duration.The electric-field strength ratio or frequency ratio of the fundamental to the harmonic has more influence on muon oscillation.The laser affects little on other particles in the plasma.Hence,in theory,this work can avoid muon sticking to α effectively and reduce muon-loss probability in μCF.     

不饱和氟化烯烃及其混合制冷剂应用研究的最近进展与成果

制冷剂的替代是当今国内外制冷空调界关注的热点问题.一年多来,国外在不饱和氟化烯烃(HFO)及其混合制冷剂的应用开发上获得了可喜成果.为使我国更多业内人士及时了解相关进展与成果,以笔记摘录的形式介绍了国外在HFO及其混合制冷剂的状态方程、特性参数、传输特性、系统性能等方面的研究成果以及一些产品研发成果.     

Effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge,food waste,and green waste

Abstract

The anionic detergent sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) inhibits anaerobic solid waste fermentation process in mesophilic anaerobic digesters. In this study, the effect SDBS on the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) of mixture of sewage sludge, food waste, and green waste serving as substrate was investigated. The batch experiments were conducted with five SDBS concentrations namely 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2?g/g (SDBS/dry sludge) under mesophilic condition (37?±?1?°C) and lasted for 63?days. The results showed that the presence of SDBS remarkably increased the release of protein and carbohydrate, and resulting in the serious accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially for propionate accumulation. Likewise, the observed variations in enzyme activities associated with different stage of AD revealed that methanogenesis was quite sensitive to SDBS and inhibited by the increase of SDBS addition. Meanwhile, the presence of SDBS decreased the pH value and the concentration of free ammonia, but increased the concentration of NH₄⁺-N. Furthermore, the production of biogas was reduced by SDBS. In conclusion, SDBS addition has a negative impact on anaerobic co-digestion. On the one hand, methanogens were severely inhibited and biogas yield decreased remarkably, on the other hand, the accumulation of VFAs was excessive. Thus, the presence of surfactant (SDBS) in the municipal organic waste should be concerned during the waste disposal via anaerobic digestion process.     

聚烯烃嵌段共聚物技术的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃嵌段共聚物(OBC)的制备方法,包括链穿梭聚合法、活性聚合法、短周期停流聚合法和管式反应器技术。重点介绍了链穿梭聚合法的基本原理、催化体系及生产工艺,该方法在制备OBC产品方面具有很大的优势。介绍了OBC的表征方法、产品的性能及应用。对利用链穿梭聚合法制备OBC提出了展望。     

The influence of low- and high-linear energy transfers on some physical properties of poly(methyl-methacrylate) samples

Clear poly(methyl-methacrylate)—PMMA—dosimeter is widely used in food irradiations. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) is one of the unique tools used for studying free-volumes and open-volume type defects in solid media. The Vicker's microhardness measurements offer a simple and nondestructive tool for investigating the mechanical behavior of polymer materials. PALS as well as microhardness measurements were carried out for PMMA samples, irradiated with low- and high-linear energy transfers (LET). The low-LET irradiations were provided at lethal doses of gamma radiations for vegetative bacteria. Such irradiations showed a chain scission in the PMMA samples. High-LET irradiations showed behavior different from the low-LET ones. The observed behavior depends on the alpha particle fluence. The microhardness testing was carried out for virgin and irradiated PMMA samples at high-LET. A negative correlation was found between PALS measurements and microhardness results. The optical characteristics and structural studies for the virgin and irradiated PMMA samples were in agreement with the PALS and microhardness measurements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

含铜聚合物金属磺酸盐催化Strecker反应

通过自组装法制备了一种基于离子键形成的含铜聚合物金属磺酸盐非均相催化剂。该催化剂在Strecker反应中显示了较好的催化活性,且回收5次后催化活性无明显降低。