Experimental Archaeology: Investigation on the Copper–Aluminum–Silicon–Oxygen System

The behavior of the Cu-Al-Si-O system was investigated in the temperature range of 800°–1150°C. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, diffusive reflectance, and electron microscopy were applied to obtain information about the influence of sintering, crystallization, and chemical reaction, each of which determines the color of the material. Definition of the artificial term "engobe," opposite to the term "glaze," was possible using copper(II) oxide (CuO) as its indicator. The detected chemical processes render possible explanations about the traditional way of ceramic painting during the 16th century and support the knowledge transfer from the viewpoint of history and that of natural science, as attempted by "archaeometry."     

铝酸盐长余辉蓄光材料的研究与制备

系统回顾了铝酸盐长余辉蓄光材料的研究历程,综合评述了铝酸盐长余辉蓄光材料的长余辉机理与制备,并对其研究进行了展望。     

Cathodoluminescence imaging—the study of yttrium aluminates distribution in aluminum nitride

Cathodoluminescence imaging is a technique which may combine a high-resolution spectroscopic method with a high-spatial resolution electron imaging technique to characterize chemical identity as well as physical size, shape, and spatial distribution of the materials which have cathodoluminescence. Cathodoluminescence imaging has been used to characterize yttrium aluminates in aluminum nitride ceramics. By digitally combining cathodoluminescence and backscat-tering electron images, it is possible not only to distinguish between different yttrium aluminates, but also to determine the size, shape, and spatial distribution of these phases. This information provides a route to understanding the local residual oxygen concentration before sintering, the amount of sintering aid to be added, and possible sintering schedule. Furthermore, this information may be related to other properties of aluminum nitride such as residual oxygen concentration and thermal conductivity.     

Effect of Rapid Solidification on Microstructural Evolution in MgO–MgAl2O4

The response of the MgO–20 and 30 mol% Al₂O₃ compositions to rapid solidification has been studied. The oxides were twin-roller quenched and the resulting flakes were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that metastable extensions of spinel and periclase occurred and the microstructural pathway was determined from the final microstructure. The flakes having MgO–20 mol% Al₂O₃ show a dendritic structure consisting of periclase and spinel. In the MgO–30 mol% Al₂O₃ composition, the liquid transforms to spinel partitionlessly. The spinel is believed to undergo decomposition by a modulation in composition, and the resulting microstructure consists of spinel and periclase. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of phase selection have been rationalized based on the metastable extensions of the different phase fields in the phase diagram. It has been proposed that composition fluctuations in spinel are stabilized because of the formation of disordered phases with a continuous range of order parameter on the tetrahedral sublattice.     

Thermoanalytical and infrared spectroscopy investigations of some mineral pastes containing organic polymers

The interaction in the presence of water between organic polymers [two polyvinyl alcohol acetate (PVA1 and PVA2)-, one polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-, and one acryloethyl-metacrylomethyl (R)-type copolymers] and inorganic materials (3CaO·Al₂O₃+CaSO₄·2H₂O, 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and CaO·Al₂O₃) was investigated using complex thermal analyses and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The DTA curves of the 1-to 28-day-hydrated organo-mineral composite samples showed some significant differences in comparison with those of the hydrated inorganic materials. The most important differences consist in the presence of some exothermic peaks that are not attributable to the pure organic polymers. More than that, none of the specific effects of the pure organic polymers are evidenced on the DTA curves of the hydrated organo-mineral composite materials. This, in connection with their IR spectra, which clearly evidence the disappearance of some investigated polymers specific IR bands, can be considered as an indirect evidence of the cross-linking of polymer chains via metal ions.     

爆轰法合成铝酸锶铕长余辉发光材料的研究

金属硝酸盐中加入适量的添加剂均匀混合后,利用黑索金炸药(RDX)爆轰合成铝酸锶铕(SrAl2O4:Eu2 、Dy3 )长余辉发光材料的实验研究.通过X射线粉晶衍射仪(XRD)和TEM对爆轰灰及高温处理后的爆轰灰进行测试分析.研究表明:合成出的爆轰灰中含有SrAl2O4相,在空气中经过600℃,1h处理后,合成的SrAl2O4与标准卡JCPDS(No.34-0379)基本一致.粒度主要分布在20～60nm之间,平均粒径约为35nm.经紫外灯照射后,爆轰灰及处理的爆轰灰都能发出浅绿色余辉.