复盐分解法制备固体铝酸钠

为寻找碳分母液中残留氧化铝的最佳利用途径,介绍了复盐分解法制备固体铝酸钠试验,着重进行了碳分母液直接通入CO2气体及添加碳酸氢钠作晶种碳分的对比研究。结果表明,加入碳酸氢钠作为晶种,碳分母液完全碳分产物为比较纯的丝钠铝石,将其在800~900℃焙烧制得比较纯净的固体铝酸钠;而不添加晶种,生成的碳分产物及焙烧后得到的固体铝酸钠中出现杂质氢氧化铝。利用前者,可将碳分母液中15g/L左右的氧化铝,全部转化为固体铝酸钠产品。     

爆轰法合成铝酸锶铕长余辉发光材料的研究

金属硝酸盐中加入适量的添加剂均匀混合后,利用黑索金炸药(RDX)爆轰合成铝酸锶铕(SrAl2O4:Eu2 、Dy3 )长余辉发光材料的实验研究.通过X射线粉晶衍射仪(XRD)和TEM对爆轰灰及高温处理后的爆轰灰进行测试分析.研究表明:合成出的爆轰灰中含有SrAl2O4相,在空气中经过600℃,1h处理后,合成的SrAl2O4与标准卡JCPDS(No.34-0379)基本一致.粒度主要分布在20～60nm之间,平均粒径约为35nm.经紫外灯照射后,爆轰灰及处理的爆轰灰都能发出浅绿色余辉.     

Grain-Boundary Migration in Nonstoichiometric Solid Solutions of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel: II, Effects of Grain-Boundary Nonstoichiometry

The grain-boundary chemistry of magnesium aluminate spinel solid solutions MgO· n Al₂O₃ in which grain growth measurements were reported in part I has been investigated in order to understand the mechanism of grain-boundary migration. It is found that although segregation of impurity Ca and Si is common, much larger deviations in grain-boundary stoichiometry are present. There is an excess of Al and O relative to Mg at grain boundaries in all compositions. Grain-boundary migration appears to be rate-limited by solute drag from intrinsic defects accommodating lattice nonstoichiometry, rather than by extrinsic solutes, consistent with the observed impurity tolerance of grain-boundary mobility. Different rate-limiting defects are proposed for magnesia-rich and alumina-rich spinels.     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Rare-Earth–Aluminum Oxide Glasses

Single-phase glasses containing 37.5 mol% Y₂O₃, 7 mol% La₂O₃, and 1 mol% Pr, Ho, Nd, Er, Sm, Tm, Eu, or Yb oxide substituted for part of the Y₂O₃ were synthesized by containerless melting. The spectral transmission and absorption cross sections of the glasses were determined at wavelengths from 360 to 3300 nm. The electronic transitions were broadened compared with results obtained in a crystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) host. The infrared transmission of the host glass extended to 6000 nm. The optical and physicochemical properties of these glasses are well suited for optical device applications.     

Eutectic Composition in the Pseudobinary of Y4Al2O9 and Y2O3

The eutectic composition between Y₄Al₂O₉ and Y₂O₃ was determined using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) on directionally solidified specimens with hypo- and hypereutectic compositions. The microstructures of the specimens as a function of composition differ considerably with small deviation from the eutectic composition (70.5 mol% Y₂O₃ and 29.5 mol% Al₂O₃). Based on the current results and other published data, the pseudobinary system between Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ is revised.     

Particle Size Comparison of Hydrothermally Synthesized Cobalt and Zinc Aluminate Spinels

Nanosized CoAl₂O₄ and ZnAl₂O₄ powders with particle sizes of 67 and 6.5 nm are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 245°C for 20 h. The precursors are reacted at different temperatures to provide intermediate phase transformations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectra, and thermal gravity and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). XRD patterns and IR spectra demonstrate that the CoAl layered double hydroxide structure (CoAl-LDHs) is more stable than ZnAl layered double hydroxide structure (ZnAl-LDHs) when they are hydrothermally treated. The different thermal stability of the CoAl- and ZnAl-LDHs results in the different aluminum source, e.g., β-Al(OH)₃ for ZnAl₂O₄ vs γ-AlO(OH) for CoAl₂O₄, when the aluminate spinels are formed. The different aluminum sources lead to the particle size difference. The phenomenon is reasonably expounded based on the nucleation theory from the microscopic scale.     

高纯铝酸钙粉体的化学合成

选用Ca(OH) 2 饱和溶液和AlCl3溶液为初始原料 ,按Al3+ 与Ca2 + 的摩尔比为 2 .2配成混合溶液 ,在常温、高pH值下 ,先合成前驱体铝酸钙水化沉淀物 ,再经110 0℃煅烧制成高活性、高纯度的铝酸钙粉体。煅烧后粉体的XRD分析和SEM观察显示 :合成物于 10 0 0℃煅烧有大量铝酸钙矿物形成 ,110 0℃时可获得稳定的铝酸钙矿物 ,它是以CA为主晶相 ,并含有少量CA2的二元混合物 ,其中位径d50 约为 0 .6 6 μm ,比表面积为13m2 ·g- 1。     

秸秆混凝土配合比设计

介绍了硫铝酸盐秸秆混凝土这种新型绿色环保混凝土材料的力学性能及其材料特点.主要以绿色环保型混凝土的材料性能分析为研究目的,展示新型绿色环保材料的优势特性.通过对硫铝酸盐秸秆混凝土力学试验的结果分析,认为其将成为被东北地区广泛应用,具有良好保温、隔热、轻质等优良性能的新型绿色环保材料。     

Impact of triethanolamine on the sulfate balance of Portland cements with mixed sulfate carriers

The differences between the hydration of Portland cements with single and with mixed sulfate carriers in the presence of triethanolamine (TEA) were investigated, and possible mechanisms were proposed. Without TEA, cements with different types of sulfate carriers (gypsum, hemihydrate, anhydrite, and mixture of these) have a comparable hydration process at the same molar amount of calcium sulfate. At a TEA dosage of 0.5 wt.%, the sample with a mixture of three sulfate carriers shows substantially stronger retardation of the C₃S (This publication uses the cement chemist notation: C₃S = Ca₃SiO₅, C₂S = Ca₂SiO₄, C₃A = Ca₃Al₂O₆, C₄AF = Ca₂(Al, Fe)₂O₅.) hydration than the cements with only one of these sulfate carriers, which is likely caused by the rapid formation of ettringite and the fast depletion of all sulfate carriers. These effects indicate that TEA influences the balance of sulfate carriers with aluminate-containing clinker phases. On the one hand, TEA can disturb the original sulfate balance due to the accelerated dissolution of aluminate-containing clinker phases, especially C₄AF. On the other hand, these effects are closely related to the types and amounts of the sulfate carriers in the cement. A higher amount of sulfate carriers can minimize the TEA-related retardation of the C₃S hydration, and hemihydrate shows the strongest impact at the same calcium sulfate quantity.     

无机盐溶胶-凝胶工艺制备长余辉发光粉体的研究

以无机盐为原料,成功地制备了均一、稳定、透明的SrAl2O4溶胶.系统地研究了无机盐溶胶一凝胶工艺制备SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Dy³⁺长余辉发光粉体的工艺条件及其影响因素,并通过透射电镜和荧光光谱分析对粉体的微结构、表面形态及发光性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,在适宜的工艺条件下,可制备颗粒均匀的针状纳米发光粉体,其发光特性与传统的高温固相烧结法相似,但烧结温度可降低300℃左右.