钙[Ca(NO3)2和CaO]对茶树氟吸收的影响

通过水培和土壤盆栽试验,研究了Ca对茶树F吸收的影响。结果显示,在含F溶液中添加Ca显著降低茶树对F的吸收。在土壤盆栽试验中也得到了类似结果,在2种土壤F含量条件下,加入Ca(NO3)2后显著降低茶树成熟叶和新梢F含量。同样土壤加入CaO后,显著降低茶树对F的吸收。土壤分析表明加入Ca(NO3)2后并没有显著改变土壤水溶性F含量,而加入CaO后还增加了土壤水溶性F含量。因此,Ca减少F吸收可能并不单纯是因为形成CaF2后降低土壤F的有效性。     

钙钛矿结构材料的制备方法研究

介绍了巨磁电阻效应的发展现状,主要研究了有关钙钛矿结构L1-yCyMnO3（L=a3＋,Pr3＋,Nd3＋等稀土离子;C=Ca2＋,Sr2＋,Ba2＋等二价碱土金属离子）体系的制备方法及其特点,并对各种方法制备的样品特性进行了比较。对材料研究目的的不同,需要不同特性的样品,本研究可以对制备方法的选择提供一个参考。     

Functionalised Anodised Aluminium Oxide as a Biocidal Agent

In this article, we describe the antimicrobial properties of a new composite based on anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes containing propyl-copper-phosphonate units arranged at a predetermined density inside the AAO channels. The samples were prepared with four concentrations of copper ions and tested as antimicrobial drug on four different strains of Escherichia coli (K12, R2, R3 and R4). For comparison, the same strains were tested with three types of antibiotics using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. Moreover, DNA was isolated from the analysed bacteria which was additionally digested with formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) protein from the group of repair glycosases. These enzymes are markers of modified oxidised bases in nucleic acids produced during oxidative stress in cells. Preliminary cellular studies, MIC and MBC tests and digestion with Fpg protein after modification of bacterial DNA suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents than antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, bleomycin and cloxacillin. The described composites are highly specific for the analysed model Escherichia coli strains and may be used in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and nosocomial infections in the progressing pandemic era. The results show much stronger antibacterial properties of the functionalised membranes on the action of bacterial membranes in comparison to the antibiotics in the Fpg digestion experiment. This is most likely due to the strong induction of oxidative stress in the cell through the breakdown of the analysed bacterial DNA. We have also observed that the intermolecular distances between the functional units play an important role for the antimicrobial properties of the used material. Hence, we utilised the idea of the 2D solvent to tailor them.     

LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.     

中空海胆状结构的碳包覆Fe2O3用作锂离子电池的高性能负极材料

Fe2O3由于成本低廉,储量丰富和理论比容量高(1007 mA hg^-1)等特点,在锂离子电池负极材料的应用中极具发展前景.然而一些问题仍然存在,如:充放电过程中比容量的迅速衰减,不可逆的体积膨胀以及较短的循环寿命等.这些问题严重制约了Fe2O3在锂离子电池中的实际应用.为了突破这些局限,本文以金属-有机骨架(MOF...     

Nitric Oxide Signalling in Descending Vasa Recta after Hypoxia/Re-Oxygenation

Reduced renal medullary oxygen supply is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). As the medulla exclusively receives blood through descending vasa recta (DVR), dilating these microvessels after AKI may help in renoprotection by restoring renal medullary blood flow. We stimulated the NO-sGC-cGMP signalling pathway in DVR at three different levels before and after hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). Rat DVR were isolated and perfused under isobaric conditions. The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil (10⁻⁶ mol/L) impaired cGMP degradation and dilated DVR pre-constricted with angiotensin II (Ang II, 10⁻⁶ mol/L). Dilations by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 as well as the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10⁻³ mol/L) were equally effective. Hypoxia (0.1% O₂) augmented DVR constriction by Ang II, thus potentially aggravating tissue hypoxia. H/R left DVR unresponsive to sildenafil, yet sGC activation by BAY 60-2770 effectively dilated DVR. Dilation to SNP under H/R is delayed. In conclusion, H/R renders PDE5 inhibition ineffective in dilating the crucial vessels supplying the area at risk for hypoxic damage. Stimulating sGC appears to be the most effective in restoring renal medullary blood flow after H/R and may prove to be the best target for maintaining oxygenation to this vulnerable area of the kidney.     

电解铝工业园区的源荷协同优化配置方法

随着风电和光伏并网容量的不断增加,其固有的波动性与间歇性特征加剧了火电机组调峰的难度。电解铝负荷具有耗电量大、调节速度快等特点,可作为负荷侧灵活性资源参与系统规划。分析了电解铝负荷的生产原理与供电方式,推导了电解铝负荷的功率与产量的关系,进而建立了电解铝负荷的多阶段需求响应模型。针对电解铝工业园区,以新能源场站的建设成本与工业园区电力系统的运行成本最小为目标,计及电解铝负荷的调节时间、调节深度等特性,建立了考虑电解铝负荷需求响应的源荷协同优化配置模型,促进电解铝负荷与火电机组、可再生能源的协调互补。在求解时,使用变量替换、大M法对模型中的非线性约束进行线性化,将原问题转化为混合整数二次规划问题,从而实现利用商业求解器快速求解。采用实际算例进行仿真计算,结果表明所提方法可以同时兼顾系统经济性与新能源利用率,实现电力系统经济优质运行的目标。     

乙二醇在氧化物增强Pd/C催化剂上的电化学氧化

研究了乙二醇在氧化物CeO2、NiO和Co3O4增强Pd/C催化剂上的碱性溶液中电化学氧化活性,结果显示虽然纯Pd/C催化剂对乙二醇的电化学氧化活性非常低以及抗催化剂毒化作用非常弱,其电化学性能远远比不上Pt/C催化剂。但添加氧化物CeO2、NiO和Co3O4后,Pd/C对乙二醇电化学氧化催化活性和抗毒化能力都得到大幅度提高,甚至超过商业催化剂E-TEKPt/C。三种氧化物增强Pd/C催化剂的电化学活性顺序为Pd-Co3O4(质量比为2︰1,以下同)/C>Pd-NiO(4︰1)/C>Pd-CeO2(1.3︰1)/C。     

超导磁体脉冲冲击下MOV的破坏特性微观分析

为了将氧化锌电阻阀片(MOV)用于超导磁体的保护,研究了MOV在高温超导磁体产生的脉冲下的冲击破坏过程中的电气特性变化;还通过破坏后MOV的金相分析、SEM微观分析以及成分分析,研究了MOV破坏前后的微观特性的变化;最后讨论了MOV在超导磁体脉冲破坏下的机理,并针对MOV用于在超导磁体保护提出了改进建议,认为保护用阀片应该采取低压大通流氧化锌压敏陶瓷材料,且应该在配方确定的基础上,探索先进的工艺技术改善阀片的性能。     

Al掺杂对锰酸锂结构与性能的影响

采用固相法合成了Al掺杂的尖晶石LiAlxMn2-xO4(x=0～0.4).通过X射线衍射对LiAlxMn2-xO4的物相进行了研究,并探讨了Al掺杂对材料的充放电性能和电子电导率的影响.合成的LiAlxMn2-xO4均为纯尖晶石相.随着Al的掺入,LiAlxMn2-xO4的充放电循环性能得到改善,Al含量越高,循环过程中的容量衰减越小.电子电导率测试结果表明:掺杂Al后,降低了材料的电子电导率,这与Al的掺入降低了晶体中电子的离域作用有关.