无机-有机高分子复合絮凝剂研究与应用

综述了两大类无机一有机高分子复合絮凝剂——无机一合成有机高分子复合絮凝剂和无机一天然高分子复合絮凝剂的发展及其在废水处理中的应用,同时对它们的作用机理进行了概括和归纳,最后对当前无机一有机高分子复合絮凝剂存在的问题及发展方向提出了几点见解。     

自流平型环氧地坪涂料的研制

主要研究了自流平型环氧地坪涂料固化剂对涂膜性能的影响。详细研究了多元脂肪胺的类型、混合多元脂肪胺的混合工艺、助剂、环氧树脂、反应时间等对固化剂的粘度及涂膜的光泽度等的影响。所制得固化剂的粘度为 170 0mPa·s,涂膜硬度为 71% ,光泽度为 97% ,耐腐蚀性能好。     

新型L-苏氨酸尾式卟啉及其锌(II)配合物合成与表征

为了探索手性金属卟啉配合物的结构与功能 ,用 L-苏氨酸和 5 -[邻 -(2 -溴乙氧基 )苯基 ]-1 0 ,1 5 ,2 0 -三苯基卟啉为原料合成了一种新型 L-苏氨酸尾式卟啉及其锌 (II)配合物 ,通过元素分析、红外光谱、化学分析和质谱等对其进行了结构表征。测试并研究了它们在 40 0 0～ 40 0 cm- 1 范围内的傅里叶变换红外光谱 ,对主要谱带进行了经验归属     

Ammonium complex of niobium as a precursor for the preparation of Nb2O5/Al2O3 catalysts

Ammonium oxalate complex of niobium was investigated as an aqueous precursor for the preparation of x% Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ (x=5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%) samples. Catalysts with the same Nb₂O₅ contents were also prepared from the traditional niobium oxalate/oxalic acid aqueous solution. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), infrared spectroscopy of chemisorbed pyridine and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A comparison with the preparation method using the niobium oxalate salt was performed. The results showed that the niobium precursor influence the species growing leading to phases with different reducibility. The XPS revealed the presence of multilayers of niobium oxide on the Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ samples prepared by using niobium ammonium oxalate complex, while the ones obtained from niobium oxalate led to Nb₂O₅ particles islands. The addition of niobium oxide decreased the fraction of Lewis acid sites and increased the fraction of Brønsted acid sites, independent of the precursor salt. However, the creation of BAS was more pronounced on the Nb₂O₅/Al₂O₃ samples prepared from niobium oxalate.     

脂肪酶和醇腈酶在有机合成中的应用

有机相酶催化反应常用于高附加值产品的合成。脂肪酶是有机合成中一种重要的工具酶，可以催化酯交换反应。脂肪酶催化的酯的氨解反应已经用于手性酰胺的合成，烷氧羰基化也广泛应用于一些天然化合物的化学选择性修饰。以前在有机合成中很少实用的裂合酶如(R)-醇腈酶在合成具有旋光性的氰醇中的应用也开始引起人们的关注。     

硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌和镉的机理

有机硫代磷酸/伯胺N1923协同萃取锌、镉的萃取率随pH的变化较为反常，可能因伯胺N1923与硫酸作用进而聚为反向胶束. 实验表明，如以(N1923)n.H2SO4表示反向胶束的实验式，N1923与H2SO4比值n多为3左右，可能与空间效应相关. 萃取机理为: M2+(a) +2BHA(o) + (2/n)SO42–(a) = MA2(o) + (2/n)(Bn.H2SO4)(o) + 2(1–2/n)H+(a)， n=3, 4, 5.     

Micellar Properties of Surface Active Ionic Liquid Lauryl Isoquinolinium Bromide and Anionic Polyelectrolyte Poly(Acrylic Acid Sodium Salt) in Aqueous Solution

The complex formation between anionic polyelectrolyte poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) [NaPAA] and surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) lauryl isoquinolinium bromide [C₁₂iQuin][Br] in aqueous media has been investigated by surface tension, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and conductance. The self‐assembled structures have been characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and turbidity measurements. A range of surface parameters have been calculated from tensiometric measurements including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration (Γ_cmc), surface pressure at the interface (Π_cmc), minimum area occupied at air–solvent interface (A_min), adsorption efficiency (pC₂₀), and surface tension at the CMC (γ_cmc). The thermodynamic parameters, i.e., standard enthalpy of micellization , standard free energy of micellization (), and standard entropy of micellization () have also been evaluated. Four different stages of transitions, corresponding to the progressive formation of NaPAA–[C₁₂iQuin][Br] complex (C₁)_, critical aggregation concentration (CAC), critical saturation concentration (C₃) and CMC have been observed owing to strong electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The results obtained from DLS and turbidity measurements show that size of the aggregates first decreases and then increases in the presence of polyelectrolyte. The binding isotherms obtained using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) show the concentration dependence as well as the highly cooperative nature of interactions corresponding to formation of polyelectrolyte–SAIL complexes.     

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Fatty Amine Polyoxyethylene Ether Diethyl Disulfonate for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High‐Temperature and High‐Salinity Reservoirs

To enhance oil recovery in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, a novel fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether diethyl disulfonate (FPDD) surfactant with excellent interfacial properties was synthesized. The interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle at high temperature and high salinity were systematically investigated using an interface tension meter and a contact angle meter. According to the experimental results, the IFT between crude oil and high‐salinity brine water could reach an ultra‐low value of 10^?3 mN m^?1 without the aid of extra alkali at 90°C after aging. The FPDD surfactant has strong wettability alternation ability that shifts wettability from oil‐wet to water‐wet. The FPDD surfactant with a high concentration also has good emulsion ability under high‐temperature and high‐salinity conditions. Through this research work, we expect to fill the lack of surfactants for high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs and broaden its great potential application area in enhanced oil recovery.     

Synthesis and color properties of the TiO2@CoAl2O4 blue pigments with low cobalt content applied in ceramic glaze

The TiO₂@CoAl₂O₄ complex blue pigments with low cobalt content were synthesized through calcinations of the precursor obtained from coprecipitating Co²⁺ and Al³⁺ to form Co‐Al LDHs (layered double hydroxides) on the surface of TiO₂ particles. The structure and the properties of the synthesized pigments were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, XPS, and colorimeter. The precursors of the blue TiO₂@CoAl₂O₄ complex pigments were consisted of LDHs shell layer encapsulated TiO₂ microsphere. After calcinations at 1100°C, the LDHs shell layer were absolutely transformed to the spinel CoAl₂O₄, and the pigments presented a core‐shell structure and uniform sphere morphology (the diameter of microsphere was about 780 nm). The absorption bands at around 547, 584, and 624 nm in the Uv‐Vis absorption spectra of the TiO₂@CoAl₂O₄ complex pigments were corresponded to the characteristic absorption bands of the spinel CoAl₂O₄, revealed the pigments with a bright blue hue. In addition, as the mass ratio of CoAl₂O₄/TiO₂ increased to 0.4, the blue component of the pigments reached to 27.89 and slight color variation with the increase in the CoAl₂O₄ content in a range, possessed low cobalt content and exhibited a stabile performance in commercial low‐temperature ceramic glazes. The XGT results showed that the TiO₂@CoAl₂O₄ complex pigments with low cobalt content presented bright color in ceramic glaze. Especially, the synthesized pigments reduced the usage and toxicity of cobalt, which were efficiency for economy and environmental protection.     

Simulation of shale gas transport and production with complex fractures using embedded discrete fracture model

The goal of this study is to develop a new model to simulate gas and water transport in shale nanopores and complex fractures. A new gas diffusivity equation was first derived to consider multiple important physical mechanisms such as gas desorption, gas slippage and diffusion, and non‐Darcy flow. For complex fractures, a state‐of‐the‐art embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was implemented. Numerical model is verified against a commercial reservoir simulator for shale gas simulation with multiple planar fractures. After that, a series of simulation studies was performed to investigate the impacts of complex gas transport mechanisms and various fracture geometries on well performance. The critical parameters controlling well performance are identified. The simulation results reveal that modeling of gas production from complex fractures as well as modeling important gas transport mechanisms in shale gas reservoirs is extremely significant. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2251–2264, 2018