淀粉丙烯酸接枝共聚吸水性树脂的研究进展

基于淀粉丙烯酸接枝共聚作为吸水性树脂具有环保和可生物降解的优良特性 ,目前 ,人们普遍关注的是如何提高其吸水性 ,抗温性 ,控制水份释放 ,压力下保水 ,以及电解液的吸收等。这些特性的改进将使产品的用途更为广泛 ,可以预见 ,淀粉丙烯酸接枝共聚作为吸水性树脂具有广阔的应用和发展前景。     

硫酸装置布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的现场测试

开发了一种用于布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的便携式现场测试装置，用这套装置可在现场测定纤维床阻力，从而对元件制造水平进行评价和比较，或在维修期间预测清洗后元件的操作性能。介绍便携式现场测试装置的设备布局、安装和运行，并对整体充填、平行缠绕、斜交叉缠绕纤维床及同心组合纤维床进行比较。此外，论述了硫酸装置工艺气体压降的价值。     

Fatty acid selectivity of lipases: Erucic acid from rapeseed oil

The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEARO). The lipase ofPseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94–97%), while that ofGeotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a highly enriched erucic acid in which theG. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil withP. cepacia lipase.     

Physiological and behavioral effects of coniferyl benzoate on avian reproduction

Various plant secondary metabolites related to cinnamic acid are of interest because of their repellency to birds and their occurrence in ecologically important food items. Coniferyl benzoate (CB), a phenylpropanoid ester that occurs in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is of particular ecological interest because of its effect on ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) feeding behavior and its possible influence on the population dynamics of this bird. During detoxification processes, CB and other analogous compounds are metabolized into by-products, such as ferulic acid (FA), that can cause anti-reproductive effects. We tested whether consumption of CB produces antire-productive effects similar to FA using male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) as avian models for ruffed grouse. The parameters we investigated included: the production, morphology, and development of eggs; reproductive characteristics influenced by estrogen; serum prolactin levels; and male reproductive behavior. Dietary CB did not produce antireproductive effects similar to FA at intake levels that Japanese quail and ruffed grouse would freely consume. Consumption of CB by Japanese quail significantly reduced egg production and body mass but did not affect male reproductive performance. Coniferyl benzoate's effect on egg production may be explained by lower energy acquisition and retention rather than endocrine changes per se. Contrary to previous reports, it is unlikely that FA, or similar compounds act directly as estrogen mimics or antagonists. Although, CB did reduce egg production in quail, it is unlikely that it would affect egg production in wild ruffed grouse. Detoxification costs and the effects of CB on nutrient utilization may explain why ruffed grouse avoid high dietary levels of CB.     

湿法磷酸装置三废治理新进展

湿法磷酸装置排放的三废对环境危害较大 ,尤其是废水治理长期以来尚未得到全面控制。阐述了某新建的湿法磷酸装置从工艺流程上通盘考虑 ,采用多次串级利用 ,实现污水全封闭、零排放的流程 ,达到了由清到浊、由冷到热 ,多次利用、自身消化 ,实现平衡、避免污染的目的 ,并介绍了废气和废渣治理的新措施。指出应坚持精心操作和维护 ,巩固已取得的三废治理成果     

Lewis酸存在下的自由基共聚合——Ⅰ.GeCl_4与BCl_3存在下的乙酸乙烯酯与丙烯酸交替共聚

乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)与丙烯酸(AA)在GeCl_4及BCl_3存在下通过自由基聚合可得到交替共聚物。对GeCl_4体系,聚合反应速率正比于[引发剂]~(0.5)。当VAc/AA=1:1(mol比)时有最大反应速率。CCl_4对本聚合反应无链转移作用。通过紫外光谱分析可证实VAc及AA均与GeC\(?)生成络合物;ESR分析表明,络合AA自由基较未络合AA有较强的阳离子特性,交替共聚的原因可能与络合AA自由基及活化单体络合物二者有关。     

氯乙酸生产工艺的改进与探讨

介绍了影响氯乙酸质量、消耗的因素,探讨了对氯乙酸工艺的改进措施。     

电除尘器出口烟气废热的利用

介绍了采用热管锅炉回收硫酸系统电除尘器出口烟气废热情况，可回收废热生产0．8MPa饱和蒸汽1．0t/h。通过严格控制饱和蒸汽压力、炉气的三氧化硫含量及入炉原料的水分含量，热管锅炉连续运行两年未发生泄漏。运行一年即可收回成本，经济效益显著。     

Chlorosis in sugarcane: Associated soil properties,leaf mineral composition,and crop response to iron and manganese

Attempts were made to find out the nature and cause of a widespread sugarcane chlorosis in a cane growing area. Soils from chlorotic and nonchlorotic fields did not differ markedly in pH, CaCO₃, electrical conductivity, organic C, and soil test P, Zn, Cu, and Mn levels, but the chlorotic field soils had relatively more NH₄OAc-extractable K and less clay and DTPA-extractable Fe. Chlorotic and green leaf blades contained about the same concentration of P, S, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo, but the former leaf blades had more K and less Ca and HCl soluble Fe than the green ones. Green leaves of plants that seemed to have naturally recovered in chlorotic fields were higher in Mn. A foliage spray with 2.5% FeSO₄.7H₂O solution resulted in greening of leaves and a field experiment showed marked crop response to Fe and some response to Mn. The results thus suggest that the chlorosis is due to a lime-induced Fe-deficiency with the possibility of some role of Mn in Fe nutrition in calcareous soil conditions.Deceased 22 September 1988     

Self-scaling cooperative discovery of service compositions in unstructured P2P networks

We propose an efficient technique for improving the performance of automatic and cooperative compositions in unstructured Peer-to-Peer networks during service discovery. The technique exploits a probabilistic forwarding algorithm that uses different sources of knowledge, such as network density and service grouping, to reduce the amount of messages exchanged in the network. The technique, analysed in several network configurations by using a simulator to observe resolution time, recall and message overhead, presents good performance especially in dense and large-scale service networks.