两亲聚合物加脂剂新进展

综述了两亲聚合物加脂剂的合成方法和应用现状,并预测了其今后的发展趋势。     

Influence of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) and beef sample extracts on E. coli O157:H7 survival and gene expression of virulence genes yadK and hhA

ABSTRACT:  Bacterial cell-to-cell communication is mediated by autoinducer (AI) molecules such as AI-2 and has been reported to regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7. We have previously shown that ground beef contains compounds that can inhibit sensing of AI-2 like activity. The hypothesis of this study was that AI-2 activity observed in conditioned medium (CM) will enhance E. coli O157:H7 survival and expression of virulence genes, whereas compounds inhibitory (such as those present in ground beef extracts) to AI-2 activity will negate these effects. E. coli O157:H7 luxS mutant strain VS 94 (incapable of synthesizing AI-2) was employed in these studies. The survival of this enteric bacterial pathogen as a function of AI-2 activity and the presence of AI-2 inhibitory compounds was studied at 4 °C. The number of survivors in the presence of AI-2 was significantly higher compared to the absence of AI-2, and the addition of ground beef extracts to conditioned medium negated the influence of AI-2 activity. Autoinducer AI-2 upregulated selected genes virulence genes ( yadK , and hha ), whereas the ground beef extract reversed the effect of AI-2 on the expression of the selected genes.     

Stability of the Oil-water Emulsion Formed During Amphiphilic Polymer Flooding

The amphiphilic polymer can greatly improve the stability of produced liquid and thus makes it difficult to treat. It is of great necessity to study the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion. O/W crude oil emulsion tends to be more stable with increasing amphiphilic polymer concentration and decreasing holding temperature. Amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsion is much more stable, especially when polymer concentration is above critical aggregation concentration. Aggregation formed by hydrophobic groups of the amphiphilic polymer is beneficial to the stability of amphiphilic polymer flooding O/W crude oil emulsions.     

考虑孔喉与流体分子相互作用及毛管力的相平衡计算

在致密气藏或者页岩气藏中,纳米级孔喉与流体的相互作用会影响到气相的凝析与蒸发,从而影响流体露点压力和泡点压力的计算。考虑到纳米孔喉与流体分子的相互作用,建立了考虑孔喉与流体分子相互作用的状态方程以及相关逸度方程。基于该状态方程和逸度方程,建立了考虑孔喉与流体分子相互作用和毛管力影响的相平衡计算方法。通过对甲烷、丁烷和辛烷混合物的相平衡计算发现,当孔喉直径小于10 nm时,孔喉与流体分子的相互作用对状态方程的影响显著,孔喉与流体分子的相互作用使得相包络线缩小,露点压力降低,泡点压力增大。毛管力作用使得露点压力降低,且孔喉越小,露点压力下降越显著。通过该研究更深入地认识到纳米孔喉对流体相态的影响。     

新型两亲性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯大单体的合成及性能研究

以异氟尔酮-二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DHMPA)、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)等为原料,合成了一种新型的功能性大单体。该大单体具有两亲性和可聚合性,可用作反应型表面活性剂——可聚合乳化剂,与传统乳化剂 OP-10与十二烷基硫酸钠相比,具有优异的乳化性能和独特功能。     

Embedding in Spurr's resin is a good choice for immunolabelling after freeze drying as shown with chemically unfixed dendritic cells

Immunocytochemical reactions on biological specimens depend on many factors, the most crucial one being the maintenance of antigenicity. Antigens are vulnerable at each stage during preparation for electron microscopy. One of the least traumatic methods of preparing biological tissues for post‐embedding immunolabelling includes the following steps: (1) physical stabilization of the native biological material by rapid freezing (cryofixation) and keeping the immobilized biological sample at low temperature, thereby avoiding any movements of water, ions and macromolecules; (2) dehydrating the frozen biological material by freeze‐drying at low temperature; (3) embedding of the dehydrated specimen. Here we show that embedding of chemically unfixed dendritic cells in Spurr's resin after cryofixation and freeze‐drying enables the conservation of fine ultrastructure without cell distortion or shrinkage. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of protein localization in ultrathin sections by immunolabelling of the major histocompatibility class II molecules.     

氮氧化物-大分子烷烃相互作用的化学动力学模型

为准确模拟氮氧化物与C7、C8等大分子烷烃燃料之间的氧化过程,在前人工作的基础上,提出了一个NO—NC7H16相互作用的化学动力学模型．该模型以Marinov的研究成果为基础,并对其进行了部分修改．在此基础上,采用Glaude等人的方法,增加了大分子碳氢燃料与NO之间的基元反应,并日．采用了Anderlohr等人最新的...     

Study on Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Hierarchical Zeolite

A kind of hierarchical zeolite catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and nitrogen adsorption-desorption method were used to study the phase and aperture structure o（ the prepared catalyst. Infrared （IR） spectra of pyridine adsorbed on the sample showed that the hierarchical zeolite really had much more Bronsted and Lewis acidic sites than the HZSM-5 zeolite. The catalytic cracking of large hydrocarbon molecules showed that the hierarchical zeolite had a higher catalytic activity than the HZSM-5 zeolite.     

聚(苯乙烯-b-丙烯酰胺)/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的合成及表征

 采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成两亲性聚(苯乙烯-b-丙烯酰胺)(P(St-b-Am))的过程中，为改善嵌段聚合物的热稳定性能，添加有机蒙脱土(O-MMT)，成功制备了两亲性纳米复合材料P(St-b-Am)/O-MMT。通过GPC、IR、XRD、TEM、TG测试表明，采用RAFT法能有效控制PSt/O-MMT大分子链转移剂中聚苯乙烯(PSt)的相对分子质量及其分布，其聚合分散度PDI<1.3；由于蒙脱土片层以纳米级分散在两亲性聚合物基体中形成了纳米复合材料，从而有效提高了P(St-b-Am)/O-MMT的热稳定性能。     

双亲粒子聚合物随钻堵漏剂的合成与性能评价

首次将双亲粒子应用于随钻堵漏的研究。用浓乳液聚合界面引发制备疏水性核/亲水性壳双亲粒子。首先,通过浓乳液聚合得到聚苯乙烯胶体粒子,作为疏水性的核;然后通过界面引发使丙烯酰胺在核的表面聚合包覆,形成亲水性的聚丙烯酰胺壳层。该双亲粒子呈微粒状,并存在轻微的相互粘连或串状结构,平均粒径21.36μm。双亲粒子在淡水基浆中抗温可达180℃。含1%双亲粒子基浆的堵漏效果明显,并随粒子加量的增加,基浆漏失量减少,堵漏能力提高。随着挤注量的增加,挤注压力逐渐增大,挤注量为700 mL时的挤注压力可达14 MPa。双亲粒子可降低体系API滤失量。在加量不高于2%时,基浆流变性变化不大,可用于高温地层的随钻堵漏。