An oxytocin antagonist infused into the central nucleus of the amygdala increases maternal aggressive behavior.

Decreased oxytocin levels in the amygdalas of rat dams following chronic gestational cocaine exposure have been correlated with heightened maternal aggressive behavior. In this experiment, drug-naive dams were implanted with bilateral cannulas into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) or control area and infused with 1,000 or 500 ng of an oxytocin antagonist (OTA) or buffer, 4 hr before testing. Behavior was compared among dams infused with OTA into target areas just outside the CNA and cocaine-treated dams (infused with buffer). Dams infused with 1,000 ng OTA attacked intruders significantly more often than buffer-infused dams. OTA did not affect other behaviors, suggesting that disruption of oxytocin activity in the CNA may be sufficient to selectively alter maternal aggressive behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

HPLC分离黄曲霉毒素生防微生物的拮抗物及拮抗效果检测

黄曲霉毒素在世界范围内不仅带来巨大的经济损失,而且严重威胁人们的身体健康。生物防治技术在黄曲霉毒素防治方面具有一定优势。利用课题组从土壤中筛选出的一株黄曲霉毒素生防细菌B05,使用HPLC对其代谢产物进行初步分离,确定了分离条件。将分离物收集后通过微孔板培养,确定了各分离组分对黄曲霉毒素的拮抗效果。     

替米沙坦的合成工艺改进

以3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸(Ⅰ)为起始原料,经多步反应合成了替米沙坦(Ⅸ)。3-甲基-4-硝基苯甲酸经酯化、还原、酰化、硝化、还原、环合反应得到2-正丙基-4-甲基-6-羧基苯并咪唑(Ⅶ),在多聚磷酸的作用下Ⅶ与N-甲基邻苯二胺缩合,生成的产物(Ⅷ)再与4′-溴甲基联苯-2-羧酸甲酯缩合、水解得替米沙坦Ⅸ。其总收率从1993年文献[3]的20.9%提高到30%。该产品已在河南天方药业股份有限公司中试。     

寡聚对苯乙炔与多肽拮抗剂RM26的偶联及~(131)I标记研究

结合寡聚对苯乙炔(oligo p-phenylene ethynylene,OPE)较强细胞膜穿透能力和多肽拮抗剂RM26对PC-3癌细胞的高亲和性,设计合成OPE-RM26偶联物。采用Iodogen涂管法对偶联物进行~(131)I标记,得到标记率为95%的放射性标记物~(131)I-OPE-RM26,室温下放置24h后其放化纯度仍大于90%,具有良好的体外稳定性。研究结果为制备具有靶点识别、膜穿透性、射线杀伤的多功能放射性药物提供参考。     

(11<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>,13<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>)-Hexadecadien-1-yl Acetate: Sex Pheromone of the Grass Webworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Herpetogramma licarsisalis</Emphasis>—Identification,Synthesis, and Field Bioassays

The grass webworm Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which has recently established in pasture in Northland, New Zealand, is an important pest of many tropical and subtropical grasses. Two pheromone components, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate (Z11–16:Ac) and (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate (Z11,E13–16:Ac), were identified in pheromone gland extracts of female moths by gas chromatography (GC), GC-electroantennographic detection, and GC-mass spectrometry in conjunction with microchemical tests (dimethyldisulfide and 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione derivatizations). Z11,E13–16:Ac and its geometric isomer (11E,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-yl acetate (E11,Z13–16:Ac) were synthesized via stereoselective Wittig reactions, and the identity of the diene present in the pheromone glands was confirmed to be Z11,E13–16:Ac. Field bioassays at Indooroopilly in Brisbane, Australia, established that Z11,E13–16:Ac was necessary and sufficient for attraction of male grass webworm moths and that the corresponding alcohol, (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-ol (Z11,E13–16:OH), had a strong inhibitory effect on trap catches at the ratios tested. When mixed with Z11,E13–16:Ac in various ratios, Z11–16:Ac had no effect on the attractiveness of lures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Role of PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway as a Pro-Survival Signaling and Resistance-Mediating Mechanism to Therapy of Prostate Cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy are the gold standard options for treating prostate cancer (PCa). These are initially effective, as localized and the early stage of metastatic disease are androgen- and castration-sensitive. The tumor strongly relies on systemic/circulating androgens for activating AR signaling to stimulate growth and progression. However, after a certain point, the tumor will eventually develop a resistant stage, where ADT and AR antagonists are no longer effective. Mechanistically, it seems that the tumor becomes more aggressive through adaptive responses, relies more on alternative activated pathways, and is less dependent on AR signaling. This includes hyperactivation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which is a central signal that regulates cell pro-survival/anti-apoptotic pathways, thus, compensating the blockade of AR signaling. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is well-documented for its crosstalk between genomic and non-genomic AR signaling, as well as other signaling cascades. Such a reciprocal feedback loop makes it more complicated to target individual factor/signaling for treating PCa. Here, we highlight the role of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling as a resistance mechanism for PCa therapy and illustrate the transition of prostate tumor from AR signaling-dependent to PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-dependent. Moreover, therapeutic strategies with inhibitors targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal used in clinic and ongoing clinical trials are discussed.     

1-(5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)-3-(吡啶-3-基甲基)脲的合成

以5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸与二氯亚砜为起始原料,经酰氯化反应、酰胺反应、霍夫曼重排以及水解反应生成中间体5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-3-氨基-4-甲基-1H-吡唑,再经过与氯甲酸苯酯反应、胺酯交换反应得到标题化合物,其结构经1HNMR、MS谱确证,总收率26.9%。     

盐酸替罗非班的合成研究

以4-(4-哌啶基)-1-氯丁烷、L-酪氨酸等为原料经过7步反应得到盐酸替罗非班。此合成路线操作简易,总收率达21.6%,中间体及最终产物结构均经过MS和1H NMR确证。