Off-Line Detection of Multiple Change Points by the Filtered Derivative with p-Value Method

Abstract

This article deals with off-line detection of change points, for time series of independent observations, when the number of change points is unknown. We propose a sequential analysis method with linear time and memory complexity. Our method is based, on a filtered derivative method that detects the right change points as well as false ones. We improve the filtered derivative method by adding a second step in which we compute the p-values associated to every single potential change point. Then, we eliminate false alarms; that is, the change points that have p-values smaller than a given critical level. Next, we apply our method and penalized least squares criterion procedure to detect change points on simulated data sets and then we compare them. Eventually, we apply the filtered derivative with p-value method to the segmentation of heartbeat time series, and the detection of change points in the average daily volume of financial time series.     

Photodegradation of Anthracene and Benzo[a]anthracene in Polar and Apolar Media: New Pathways of Photodegradation

The photochemical reactions of anthracene and benzo[a]anthracene polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polar and apolar solvents (cyclohexane and water/acetonitrile) were studied using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. These homogenous photolysis experiments are used as simplified models to compare PAHs photochemistry in water and oil (or oil films). Moreover, these processes were to some extent used as model in literature in order to study those occurring on particulate matter and aerosol surfaces. In both media, new photochemical reaction products were found. Generally, the reaction rate in the polar medium is faster than that in the apolar medium, and the photodegradation quantum yields increase with increasing polarity of the medium. HPLC-absorption/emission analysis confirmed the literature reports that mainly oxygenated photoproducts, such as PAH-hydroxides, were formed. The novelty of this article is that GC-MS data revealed the presence of new photoproducts that have not yet been described. This simplified model system allowed us to characterize the product distribution, thus simplifying the interpretation of the photodegradation mechanism. The identification of new photofragmentation paths, originating by irradiation of primary PAH photoproducts, may suggest an innovative way of remediation triggered by light.     

Effect of Nitro Orientation on Ras -Protooncogene Mutation in Liver Tumors from 7-Nitrodibenz[ a,h ]anthracene-Treated Mice

Dibenz[ a,h ]anthracene (DB[ a,h ]A) and 7-nitrodibenz[ a,h ]anthracene (7-NDB[ a,h ]A) induced liver tumors when administered to neonatal B6C3F 1 mice. For protooncogene analysis, RNA was isolated from each of the liver tumors from treated mice and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Portions of the K- and H- ras protein coding sequences were then amplified and analyzed for DNA sequence alterations. DB[ a,h ]A-induced liver tumors had a 100% (23/23) frequency of ras -protooncogene mutation, with 83% (19/23) occurring at the first base of K- ras codon 13 and resulting in G GC M C GC transversion; the remaining 17% (4/23) of the mutations were located at the second base of H- ras codon 61. In contrast, only four of nine (44%) of 7-NDB[ a,h ]A-induced liver tumors had ras -protooncogene mutations, with two each at K- ras codon 13 and H- ras codon 61. Combined with previous observations, the results indicate that the nitro substituent perpendicular to the aromatic moiety alters the chemical-induced protooncogene activation frequency and mutational pattern in liver tumors of B6C3F 1 mice.     

2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-indanedione versus Fluorescein Isothiocyanate in Interaction with Anti-hFABP Immunoglobulin G1: Fluorescence Quenching,Secondary Structure Alteration and Binding Sites Localization

The first step in determining whether a fluorescent dye can be used for antibody labeling consists in collecting data on its physical interaction with the latter. In the present study, the interaction between the 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-indanedione (HNBID) dye and the IgG1 monoclonal mouse antibody anti-human heart fatty acid binding protein (anti-hFABP) has been investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies and complementary structural results were obtained by molecular modeling. We have determined the parameters characterizing this interaction, namely the quenching and binding constants, classes of binding sites, and excited state lifetimes, and we have predicted the localization of HNBID within the Fc region of anti-hFABP. The key glycosidic and amino acid residues in anti-hFABP interacting with HNBID have also been identified. A similar systematic study was undertaken for the well-known fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorophore, for comparison purposes. Our results recommend HNBID as a valuable alternative to fluorescein isothiocyanate for use as a fluorescent probe for IgG1 antibodies.     

1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物的研究进展

研究具有荧光发射能力的1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物结构与性能的关系具有重要的意义.介绍了1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物的结构特性和荧光性能,并且综述了它们在荧光染料、荧光增白剂、电致发光材料、生物材料、分子开关器件制备等方面的应用进展.     

Fundamental solution for a line source of heat in the fractional order theory of thermoelasticity using the new Caputo definition

Abstract

The new Caputo Fabrizio fractional differential operator is used to investigate a problem in the fractional order theory of thermoelasticity. The problem concerns an infinite elastic space under the effect of a continuous line source of heat. The problem is solved using asymptotic expansions valid for short times. Laplace and Hankel transforms are used to solve the problem. A brief study to the nature of propagation of waves is introduced. Graphical results are presented and discussed.     

衍生螺旋槽对超临界二氧化碳干气密封微气膜稳态特性影响*

以衍生螺旋槽为研究对象,建立衍生螺旋槽端面微气膜三维流动模型,通过软件REFPROP获取CO2在不同压力温度下的物性参数,并导入Fluent计算得到了衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的膜压分布。对比分析衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽S-CO2干气密封开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度,讨论不同入口压力和转速下湍流效应、实际气体效应以及离心惯性力对密封稳态性能的影响,揭示多种效应交互耦合对S-CO2干气密封气膜动态特性的密封机制。结果表明：衍生螺旋槽的气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度等性能参数优于经典螺旋槽,这是衍生螺旋槽两级台阶作用的结果;随着转速的增加,在湍流效应和离心惯性力的交互耦合作用下,开启力、泄漏率及气膜刚度先增大后减小,随入口压力的增大,气膜开启力、泄漏率和气膜刚度均呈近似线性增大,且压力越大衍生螺旋槽和经典螺旋槽的差异越来越明显。     

任意荷载下连续排水边界分数阶黏弹性地基一维固结模型

以基于Caputo分数阶导数的弹壶元件修正Kelvin模型来描述饱和土体一维固结的力学行为,并引入连续排水边界条件,通过Laplace变换,联立求解得到任意荷载下连续排水边界分数阶黏弹性地基有效应力及固结沉降的解析解。采用Laplace逆变换,获得了其时域内的理论解,并分析了梯形循环荷载及施工荷载作用下相关参数对固结沉降的影响。研究结果表明:循环荷载作用下,黏土地基的沉降变化呈振荡增长,且振荡幅值随着边界透水性的增大而增大;分数阶次α增大,使固结前期沉降速率减慢,而在固结后期,α值对沉降的影响正好相反;循环荷载下沉降变化曲线的振荡幅值随着分数阶次α的增大而减小。此外,一维固结沉降的发展还与土体力学参数及荷载参数相关,弹性模量E越大,最终沉降量越小;黏弹性体的延迟时间F越大,固结沉降变化越慢。     

土壤粒径大小对蒽荧光特性的影响及校正

为了准确检测土壤中的多环芳烃,以土壤中典型多环芳烃污染物蒽为检测对象,研究了土壤粒径大小对其荧光特性的影响,并提出了一种校正土壤粒径大小对多环芳烃标准曲线影响的方法。研究了蒽在土壤中的荧光特性,指出蒽在421nm、442nm和470nm处出现较强的荧光峰。接着,制备7种不同粒径大小的蒽土壤样品,并以土壤粒径大小为外扰,构建了同步和异步二维相关荧光谱,研究了蒽荧光强度和304nm处瑞利散射光强随土壤粒径大小的变化。结果显示,随着土壤粒径增大,蒽荧光强度和304nm处瑞利散射光强度都有增强。最后,分别建立了80目和160目土壤粒径下定量分析土壤蒽浓度的标准曲线,并通过304nm处瑞利散射光对蒽荧光进行校正。结果表明:该方法有效降低了土壤粒径大小对蒽标准曲线的影响。     

含硫磷的水溶性三嗪添加剂对硬质合金的摩擦学性能研究

合成一种水溶性润滑添加剂2,4-双-(二乙醇胺基)-6-(O,O'-二乙醇胺基二硫代磷酸酯)-S-基-1,3,5-均三嗪化合物(DDT),利用四球摩擦试验机考察其在水-乙二醇基础液中对YG8硬质合金钢球的润滑性能。结果表明:该化合物作为水基润滑添加剂可使水-乙二醇基础液的极压值提高了近5倍,并且可使硬质合金钢球磨斑直径和磨痕明显减小,表现出优异的抗磨减摩性能;通过SEM和EDS分析,可推测该水溶性化合物在摩擦过程中可能发生化学反应生成了磷酸钨、二硫化钨等化学膜,也可能生成一些含S、N小分子有机物组成的边界润滑膜,从而起到了良好的抗磨减摩作用。