电子束熔凝NiCoCrAlY涂层的高温氧化行为分析

在GH140高温合金钢基体表面采用磁控溅射沉积NiCoCrAlY涂层,并用电子束进行熔凝处理。分析结果表明,电子束熔凝使NiCoCrAlY涂层与基体形成组分梯度变化的混合层,提高了涂层与基体的结合程度。涂层经1000℃和1100℃,10h的对比氧化试验,结果表明,在1000℃时,Cr扩散至表面,由于CrO3的挥发而迅速损耗,但Y的存在,在一定程度上减缓了Cr的损失速度。1100℃时起抗氧化作用的主要来自Al、Ti、Si、Mn等,Al的内氧化抑止了Al的外扩散。     

纳米ZrO_2热障涂层隔热性能研究

为了研究纳米ZrO2热障涂层的隔热性能,设计了涂层结构并采用有限元分析软件分别对普通试样和纳米ZrO2热障涂层试样模型的温度场进行了计算。结果表明,纳米ZrO2热障涂层有着良好的隔热性能,热源温度越高涂层隔热效果越显著。在1000℃热源下,设计的纳米ZrO2热障涂层的最大隔热温度为250℃,平衡状态下隔热温度为71℃。采用大气等离子喷涂方法制备了计算模型中设计的涂层试样,并对试样进行了隔热试验。计算结果与试验结果一致。     

水基流延法制备片式PTC陶瓷

以PVA和PAA乳液为粘合剂,用水基流延法制备了BaTiO3基片式PTC陶瓷基片。研究了粘合剂、固相含量等对浆料黏度及流变行为的影响,同时对流延基片的干燥工艺、烧成曲线等也进行了研究。结果表明,将流延干燥后的基片,在1 320℃空气中烧结30 min,所得PTC样品的升阻比大于6个数量级,温度系数大于16%/℃,能够满足叠层PTC器件的制备要求。     

“Water-in-Deep Eutectic Solvent” Electrolytes for High-Performance Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have been considered as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves, low price, and high safety. However, Zn anode shows poor reversibility and cycling stability in most conventional aqueous electrolytes. Here, a new type of aqueous Zn-ion electrolyte based on ZnCl₂–acetamide deep eutectic solvent with both environmental and economic friendliness has been prepared. The water molecule introduced in the “water-in-deep eutectic solvent” electrolyte could reduce the Zn²⁺ desolvation energy barrier by regulating Zn²⁺ solvation structure to promote uniform Zn nucleation. Zn anode shows improved electrochemical performance (≈98% Coulombic efficiency over 1000 cycles) in the electrolyte whose molar ratio of ZnCl₂:acetamide:H₂O is 1:3:1. The assembled full battery composed of phenazine cathode and Zn anode could stably cycle over 10 000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 85.7%. Overall, this work offers new insights into exploring new green electrolyte systems for Zn-ion batteries.     

Photovoltaic Devices: High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with Spray Coated Hole‐Transport and Active Layers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 1/2011)

In this study, we report high performance organic solar cells with spray coated hole‐transport and active layers. With optimized ink formulations we are able to deposit films with controlled thickness and very low surface roughness (<10 nm). Specifically we deposit smooth and uniform 40 nm thick films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as well as films composed of a mixture of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and the C₆₀‐derivative (6,6)‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with thicknesses in the range 200–250 nm. To control film morphology, formation and thickness, the optimized inks incorporate two solvent systems in order to take advantage of surface tension gradients to create Marangoni flows that enhance the coverage of the substrate and reduce the roughness of the film. Notably, we achieve fill factors above 70% and attribute the improvement to an enhanced P3HT crystallization, which upon optimized post‐drying thermal annealing results in a favorable morphology. As a result, we could extend the thickness of the layer to several hundreds of nanometers without noticing a substantial decrease of the transport properties of the layer. By proper understanding of the spreading and drying dynamics of the inks we achieve spray coated devices with power conversion efficiency of 3.75%, with fill factor, short circuit current and open circuit voltage of 70%, 9.8 mA cm^?2 and 550 mV, respectively.     

Kitchen Chemistry 101: Multigram Production of High Quality Biographene in a Blender with Edible Proteins

A high yielding aqueous phase exfoliation of graphite to high quality graphene using edible proteins and kitchen chemistry is reported here. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), β‐lactoglobulin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin are used to exfoliate graphite and the exfoliation efficiency depended on the sign and magnitude of the protein charge. BSA showed maximum exfoliation rate, facilitated graphite exfoliation in water, at room temperature, by turbulence/shear force generated in a kitchen blender at exfoliation efficiencies exceeding 4 mg mL^?1 h^?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated 3–5 layer, defect‐free graphene of 0.5 μm size. Graphene dispersions loaded on a cellulose paper (650 μg cm^?2) showed the film conductivity of 32 000 S m^?1, which is much higher than graphene/polymer composites. Our method yielded ≈7 mg mL^?1, BSA‐coated graphene with controllable surface charge, which is stable under wide ranges of pH (3.0–11) and temperature (5.0–50 °C), and in fetal bovine serum, for more than two months.These findings may lead to the large scale production of graphene for biological applications.     

Humidity‐Triggered Self‐Healing of Microporous Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery

Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assemblies have inherent potential as dynamic coatings because of the sensitivity of their building blocks to external stimuli. Here, humidity serves as a feasible trigger to activate the self‐healing of a microporous polyethylenimine/poly(acrylic acid) multilayer film. Microporous structures within the polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film are created by acid treatment, followed by freeze‐drying to remove water. The self‐healing of these micropores can be triggered at 100% relative humidity, under which condition the mobility of the polyelectrolytes is activated. Based on this, a facile and versatile method is suggested for directly integrating hydrophobic drugs into PEM films for surface‐mediated drug delivery. The high porosity of microporous film enables the highest loading (≈303.5 μg cm^?2 for a 15‐bilayered film) of triclosan to be a one‐shot process via wicking action and subsequent solvent removal, thus dramatically streamlining the processes and reducing complexities compared to the existing LbL strategies. The self‐healing of a drug‐loaded microporous PEM film significantly reduces the diffusion coefficient of triclosan, which is favorable for the long‐term sustained release of the drug. The dynamic properties of this polymeric coating provide great potential for its use as a delivery platform for hydrophobic drugs in a wide variety of biomedical applications.     

Effect of organic/inorganic coating on moisture diffusion in a chip-on-board package with globtop

The moisture diffusion in globtop material for a chip-on-board (COB) package coated with SiN_x and silicone, respectively, or coated with SiN_x plus silicone were measured by embedding a humidity sensor in the globtop and recording the capacitive change in three different temperature/humidity environments. The experimental results were simulated by Fick’s diffusion law with finite-element method modeling. The moisture diffusion coefficients and activation energies were calculated to quantitatively compare the moisture-resistance effects of different coatings. For example, at 85°C/85% RH, the moisture diffusion coefficients for the uncoated reference, SiN_x-coated, silicone-coated, and silicone/SiN_x double-layered coated samples are 1E-5, 0.8E-5, 0.7E-5, and 0.2E-5 mm²/s, respectively. The experimental and simulation results show that double-layered coating with silicone/SiN_x has excellent moisture-resistance properties because it not only smoothes the steps on a printed circuit board (PCB) but also keeps the good moisture resistance of the inorganic films.     

空分设备的清洗

文章介绍了空分设备及其性能特点，空分设备的工艺流程，空分设备表面清洁度及其检查方法，指出通过清洗降低空分设备表面油脂的残留量对保障空分设备性能的正常发挥有着重要意义，过去通常采用四氯化碳作清洗剂，文章研究了在淘汰ODS新形势下可采用的清洗剂和清洗技术，介绍了在这方面取得的成果和经验。     

高功率CO激光器窗口膜系优化设计

利用膜系设计软件TFCalc35,综合考虑膜系光学性能、驻波场、温度场、热应力场分布,通过调整膜系各层的厚度来调整膜系中电场峰值的位置,设计出了以ZnSe为基底,ZnSe与YF3作为高,低折射率膜料,具有较强激光破坏阈值的高功率CO激光器窗口膜系,窗口的一面反射率达95%,另一面则尽量增透,透过率达99.9%以上.