Effective adsorption of As(V) and V(V) ions from water samples using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine functionalized sodium dodecyl sulfate-coated magnetite nanoparticles

In this study, 2,4-DNPH coated magnetite was used for removal of As(V) and V(V) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD analysis, FT-IR, SEM, and SEM-EDXS measurement. The size of the nanoparticles according to SEM was obtained as around 20–35 nm. Equilibrium isotherm data showed that the Langmuir–Freundlich model was in a good agreement with the experimental data according to high correlation coefficient. The maximum adsorption capacities of As(V) and V(V) on adsorbent were 338.4 and 266.8 mg g^?1, respectively. Kinetic study showed that the fractal like-PSO model was appropriate to describe the adsorption process. The optimum pH was obtained to be 7 and 5 for As(V) and V(V) ions, respectively.     

Modelling diffusion and adsorption of As species in Fe/GAC adsorbent beds

BACKGROUND: Arsenic decontamination of drinking water by adsorption is a simple and robust operation. When designing packed bed adsorbers for arsenic, the main problems are the slow diffusion kinetics of As in microporous media and the lack of simple equations for predicting the performance of the equipment. Commercial iron‐doped granular activated carbon adsorbents (Fe/GAC) for groundwater arsenic abatement were studied in this work. Basic parameters for arsenate (As^V) adsorption were measured and their performance at larger scale was simulated with an approximate analytical model. RESULTS: In the 0–300 µg_As L^?1 range, the As^V adsorption isotherm on Fe/GAC was found to be approximately linear. Assuming Henry's law for adsorption and homogeneous surface diffusion with constant diffusivity for intrapellet mass transfer, an approximate model for flow and adsorption of arsenate inside packed bed adsorbers was developed, and reduced to an analytic compact solution using the quasi‐lognormal distribution (Q‐LND) approximation. The use of this model with fitted and reported parameters enabled the approximate simulation of industrial adsorbers and home point‐of‐use filters. Results show that industrial adsorbers meet the breakthrough condition with incomplete utilization of the adsorbent unless convenient process configurations are used. In point‐of‐use systems with short residence times intraparticle diffusion would drastically reduce the adsorbent performance. CONCLUSION: Assuming linear adsorption of As^V over Fe/GAC, an analytical approximate solution for flow and adsorption in packed beds can be obtained. The model seems to represent correctly the main features of industrial and home filters, however, more experimental data is necessary for scale‐up purposes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定载金炭中砷

用硝酸和硫酸消解载金炭样品,通过加热消解除去样品中的炭基体,以硫脲-抗坏血酸为还原剂,使溶液中的As(Ⅴ)还原为As(Ⅲ),用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定载金炭中砷含量。方法检出限为0.093 mg/L。选取5个不同含量的样品进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差在1.59%~5.52%之间(n=7),加标回收率在96%~101%之间。     

Selective removal of As from arsenic-bearing dust rich in Pb and Sb

The selective removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing dust containing Pb and Sb in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of NaOH concentration, temperature, leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, and the presence of elemental sulfur on the dissolution of As, Sb and Pb in NaOH solution was investigated. The results indicate that the presence of elemental sulfur can effectively prevent leaching of lead and antimony from arsenic. The Sb₂O₃, As₂O₃ and Pb₅(AsO₄)₃OH in the raw material convert to NaSb(OH)₆ and PbS in the leaching residue, while arsenic is leached out as As(III) or As(V) ions in the leaching solution. Arsenic leaching efficiency of 99.84% can be achieved under the optimized conditions, while 97.82% of Sb and 99.97% of Pb remain in the leach residue with the arsenic concentration of less than 0.1%. A novel route is presented for the selective removal of arsenic and potential recycle of lead and antimony from the arsenic-bearing dust leached by NaOH solutions with the addition of elemental sulfur.     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定高温合金中痕量砷

高温合金中Co含量较高,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定高温合金中As时,⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺会严重干扰As的分析,这一直是ICP-MS测定高温合金中痕量As的研究难点。在串联四极杆(MS/MS)模式下向碰撞/反应池内通入O₂,设置一级质量过滤器(Q1)m/z=75,⁷⁵As⁺可以与O₂反应生成⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺,而干扰离子不能与O₂发生反应,将二级质量过滤器(Q2)设置为m/z=91,仅⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺通过并被检测器检测,从而避免了⁵⁹Co¹⁶O⁺的质谱干扰。据此,建立了电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)测定高温合金中痕量As的方法。采用As质量浓度为1.000 ng/mL、Co质量浓度为1.000~1 000 μg/mL的系列标准溶液考察了单四极杆和MS/MS两种模式下Co对As测定的质谱干扰。结果表明,在MS/MS模式下,As的回收率均在100%左右,这说明在MS/MS质量转移模式下,采用O₂为反应气,通过两次质量选择,可以成功消除Co基体带来的严重干扰。对O₂流速进行了优化,选择O₂流速为0.375 mL/min。方法线性范围为1.00~100 ng/mL,线性相关系数为1.000 0,检出限为0.006 7 μg/g,定量限为0.023 μg/g。选择纯钴标准样品为测定对象,按照实验方法对其中As进行测定,并进行加标回收试验,回收率在96%~102%之间。采用所建立的方法对镍基高温合金标准物质和高温合金样品中As进行测定,测定结果分别与认定值或原子荧光光谱法测定值基本一致,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.6%～2.8%。     

煤矿开采沉陷移动变形预测

为了预测评价开采沉陷对矿区环境的影响,正确选择环境保护措施,必须对开采沉陷引起的地表下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平变形等移动变形值、地表移动持续的时间和最大下沉速度、开采沉陷的范围、冒落带和导水裂隙带的高度以及采动过程中地表移动变形等进行预测,本文将介绍几种预测方法.     

煤中砷的分布和赋存规律研究

在较全面系统地收集了已发表的资料和检测了我国西南、西北和华北地区147个煤样中砷含量的基础上,对代表性矿区煤中砷的成因机理及其与有机质的亲和性、与硫的亲和性以及煤变质程度的关系作了分析。我国西南地区第三纪富砷褐煤受大断裂热液影响为主,砷主要以有机质 结合态赋存;华北地区石炭二叠纪煤中砷分布受沉积环境影响明显,当海水入侵沼泽还原环境,黄铁矿含量增高的同时,砷含量相应升高,砷主要以类质同象置换赋存于黄铁矿中。岩浆侵入活动的高温气液是导致高变质程度煤中砷元素富集的直接原因之一;西北地区侏罗纪煤中砷含量水平低,是我国最好的环保煤。     

改性玄武岩岩棉去除富营养化水体中磷的研究

对废弃玄武岩岩棉通过改性去除富营养化水中的磷,进行了试验研究.结果表明,采用超声波加热、浓度为1%的NaOH改性的岩棉对磷的去除效果最佳,当水体中总磷的浓度为0.58～0.85mg/L时,在改性岩棉用量为每7g/100mL、吸附时间为90min、pH为7.2的试验条件下,总磷的去除率为50%以上,使用后的岩棉经再生可重复使用.     

油缸常见液压故障诊断

列举了油缸在运行过程中出现的常见故障,详细地分析了故障产生的原因,具体介绍了故障消除方法,为操作工处理油缸故障提供了便利,并指出了要加强油缸日常维护管理,减少油缸不必要的损坏。