DJ—3新型塔盘在催化重整脱水塔中的应用

对新型DJ－3复合塔盘的性能进行了简介，简述了重整蒸馏脱水过程及特点，重点突出蒸馏脱水塔的扩能改造，总结了DJ－3复合塔盘的工业应用及生产标定情况。     

Design and control of reactive distillation for ethyl and isopropyl acetates production with azeotropic feeds

Reactive distillations for the production of ethyl acetate (EtAc) and isopropyl acetate (IPAc) are classified as the type-II process where the first column consists of a reactive zone and a rectifying section followed by a stripper [Tang et al., 2005. Design of reactive distillations for acetic acid esterification with different alcohols. A.I.Ch.E. Journal 51, 1683-1699]. Instead of using pure alcohols and acetic acid as reactants, this paper studies the effects of reactant purity on the design and control of reactive distillation. This offers significant economical incentives (by reducing raw materials costs), because ethanol forms an azeotrope with water at 90 mol% and isopropanol/water has an azeotrope at 68%. The purities of the acid is set to 95% for acetic acid (industrial grade), 87% for ethanol, and 65% for isopropanol. The results show that the total annual costs (TAC) increase by a factor of 5% for EtAc and 8% for IPAc production using reactive distillation. Next, the operability of the reactive distillations with azeotrope feeds is explored. Three disturbances, feed flow, acid feed purity, and alcohol feed composition, are introduced to assess control performance using dual-temperature control and one-temperature-one-composition control. Simulation results indicate good control performance can be achieved for reactive distillation with azeotropic feeds.     

A method for the design of flexible distillation sequence

A simple method has been developed to optimally design a distillation sequence with a fixed degree of flexibility in feed composition and flowrate, and accounts for uncertainty in stage efficiency, K-value and beat transfer coefficient calculations. The method minimizes a weighted cost function and ensures both optimal and feasible operation in the range of flexibility/uncertainty by using an approach termed “practical feasibility”. The method was tested on a 4 column distillation sequence separating a 5 component light alkane feed mixture. Results are presented to illustrate the effect of uncertainty on sequence cost and column overdesign.     

伴有平衡反应的分离过程的数学模拟——(Ⅱ)催化精馏塔的模拟计算

提出了平衡反应的非均相催化反应精馏过程的微分数学模型。应用多目标打靶法和 Newtor-Raphson 迭代对模型方程进行了求解。本算法应用于非理想系统,反应动力学未知的快速可逆反应过程。可求得沿塔最大转化率和平衡浓度分布。应用本算法对 MTBE 的催化反应过程进行了模拟计算,能快速稳定收敛。计算结果与文献数据进行比较,表现出良好的一致性。     

非常规汽油脱硫技术

水蒸气脱硫是一种以水代替氢的脱硫方法,降低脱硫成本显著。以酶代替传统加氢催化剂的生物脱硫技术是一个引人注目的课题。结合催化和精馏的催化精馏脱硫法,在选择脱硫的对象上,相对传统的催化脱硫更具优势。萃取脱硫是采用一些极性溶剂混合物脱除汽油馏分中的硫化物,须加入氧化助剂才有较好的脱硫效果,由此将导致大的辅助车间和有限脱硫效率。膜过程脱硫、声化学脱硫、等离子体和光脱硫都属于物理方法,环保意义很大。对于吸附脱硫,从流化催化裂化汽油中除硫完全,而汽油产率降低很少,辛烷值几乎没有损失,是一种有前途的脱硫方法。     

萃取精馏溶剂选择的研究进展

本文概括论述了萃取精馏过程中影响溶剂选择的因素，在此基础上着重介绍了溶剂的选择方法，性质约束方法可分为：试验法，经验筛选和活度系数法；计算机优化方法可分为计算机辅助分子设计法和人工神经网络法，对上述方法的适用性作了详细的讨论。     

SIMOP: Efficient reactive distillation optimization using stochastic optimizers

A methodology to improve the efficiency of stochastic methods applied to the optimization of chemical processes with a large number of equality constraints is presented. The methodology is based on two steps: (a) the optimization of the simulation step, which involves the optimum choice of design variables and subsystems to be simultaneously solved; (b) the optimization of the nonlinear programming (NLP) problem using stochastic methods. For the first step a flexible tool (SIMOP) is used, whereby different numerical procedures can be easily obtained, taking into account the problem formulation and specific characteristics, the need for specific initialization schemes and the efficient solution of systems of nonlinear equations. This methodology was applied to the optimization of a reactive distillation process for the production of ethylene glycol. Due to the complexity of the mathematical model, several different numerical procedures were generated, and their influence on the computational burden and on the reliability and accuracy of the optimization to reach the global optimum were studied. The results obtained suggest that in addition to the choice of design variables, the structure of subsystems associated to numerical procedures has a considerable impact on the performance of the optimizers.     

色谱纯甲醇的制备研究

随着液相色谱的广泛应用，作为反向液相色谱流动相的色谱纯甲醇的需求量与日俱增，产品供不应求。但色谱纯甲醇要求纯度很高，且在紫外波段(220～280nm)内需很高的透光率。这给色谱纯甲醇的制备增添了很大困难。因而，色谱纯甲醇价格较高，目前东北三省尚无生产厂家，主要依靠外省或国外进口。如何由工业级甲醇制备色谱纯甲醇是本研究的主要课题，实验原理是通过测定影响透气率的主要因素，再通过2．4-二硝基苯肼除去醛、酮，再用浓碱溶液中和羧酸、皂化酯类，再进行精馏，从而获得满意的结果。     

八碳烯分离工艺的研究

从能量综合集成的角度提出了八碳烯精馏分离工艺 ,对所提流程进行了优化模拟计算及分析 ,为八碳烯分离工艺的施工设计提供了充分的依据。投产情况表明 ,该研究改变了八碳烯的生产现状 ,使得八碳烯生产的经济效益显著提高     

DCS控制系统在粗苯蒸馏工艺中的应用

针对传统粗苯蒸馏工艺人工调节频繁,调节不及时、不准确,产品质量不稳定,劳动负荷大等问题,通过引入DCS控制系统,建立计算机自动调节模型,调整函数的微分和积分变量实现脱苯塔塔顶回流量、进再生塔的蒸汽量和管式加热炉富油出口温度的自动控制,从而实现粗苯生产工艺的稳定、高产、优质和低耗。