Case Study of an Aerosol Explosion and a Method to Determine Explosion Temperatures

A failure analysis case study is presented for a two-piece aerosol containing tetrafluoroethane, commonly referred to as Refrigerant 134a. A gentleman was preparing to recharge the air conditioning system of an automobile when the bottom exploded off the aerosol container, propelling the body of the aerosol container like a rocket, which hit the man in the eye and blinded him in that eye. The aerosol was never connected to the air conditioner, therefore backpressure from the air conditioner (AC) compressor was ruled out as a cause for the explosion. The objective of the study was to determine why the aerosol exploded. Several recently developed test methods were used, including two types of heat-to-burst tests and a puncture chamber to measure the pressure-versus-temperature behavior of aerosols. More common test methods were also used, such as water bath pressure tests, hydro pressure burst tests, pneumatic pressure burst tests, hardness measurements, weight measurements, metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and an accident scenario recreation. A semi-empirical correlation between the hardness and weights of the container bottoms was used to determine the explosion temperature and/or pressure. This semi-empirical correlation agrees in principle with an analysis of the explosion pressures using finite-element analysis (FEA). The root cause for the explosion was determined to be a lack of strength of the bottom of the two-piece aerosol coupled with heating the aerosol to temperatures significantly above room temperature.     

基于PLC的焦炉集气管压力专家控制系统

通过对焦炉煤气集气管压力系统的分析研究，提出基于专家系统的集气管压力协调控制方案，使得系统在传统PID控制的基础上，能够按照系统实际运行状况智能选择控制策略。全部系统基于西门子S7系列PLC构成，并采用PROFIBUS电缆组成总线型网络。     

静压下ZnS：Te中Te等电子陷阱的发光

研究了4块ZnS：Te薄膜样品(Te组分从0．5％到3．1％)的光致发光谱在常压下的温度特性．对于Te组分较小的2块样品观察到2个发光峰，分别来自Te1和Te2等电子陷阱；而对Te组分较大的2块样品则只观察到1个来自Te2等电子陷阱的发光．我们还研究了这些发光峰在低温1．5K下的流体静压压力行为．观察到与Te1有关的发光峰压力系数比ZnS带边的要大很多，而与Te2有关的发光峰压力系数则比带边小．根据Koster-Slater模型，价带态密度半宽随压力的增加是Te1中心有较大压力系数的主要原因，而Te1和Te2中心的不同压力行为则是由于压力对两者缺陷势增强的不同效果引起的．     

压力计探测液面法探讨

针对油田地质特征复杂，易结蜡，测试中易出现假液面等情况，为准确快速测得液面资料，提出压力计测试液面法。该方法可作为回声仪测液面方法的有效补充。     

低温等离子体对血管内金属支架的表面改性

生物材料用于人体必须要具备生物相容性。尤其是与血液相接触的材料如血管内支架必须要具备血液相容性。材料的表面特性直接影响血液系统中是否会出现血栓。本文针对金属血管内支架的表面特性、与血液的界面反应以及用于提高血液相容性的低温等离子表面改性进行了简要综述     

高压水射流技术粉碎原盐的研究

以原盐为被粉碎研究对象,通过对高压水射流粉碎原盐形貌的观察和成分分析、高压水射流原盐粉碎性能分析,以及高压水射流粉碎原盐各影响因素的正交分析,研究表明高压水射流粉碎技术对原盐具有良好的解理性且粉碎效率高、耗能低。各因素对原盐粉碎效果的影响顺序为:射流压力卤水喷嘴直径、料液混合喷嘴直径、靶面形状。     

液氮制冷低气压试验箱的仿真设计

在采用液氮制冷的低气压试验箱的设计中,用常规工程设计方法计算的降温过程冷负荷过大,从而导致真空系统设计容量过大。本文采用分布参数模型对试验箱低气压条件下降温过程的冷负荷进行了精确仿真模拟,以此作为真空系统容量设计的基础,减小了设计规模,取得了良好的效果。     

Conflict structure moderates associations between cardiovascular reactivity and negative marital interaction.

This study examined the role of marital conflict structure--who desires and requests change versus who responds to the change request--in spouses' cardiovascular responses to marital interactions. Forty-one couples discussed 2 marital topics: one in which the wife desired change in the husband, and one in which the husband desired change in the wife. Cardiovascular responses were assessed at 2-min intervals. Results indicated that marital conflict structure moderates cardiovascular reactivity during negative marital interactions: Husbands and wives whose interactions were characterized by high levels of negative behavior showed the most pronounced diastolic blood pressure reactivity, but only when they were in the role of desiring change in their spouses. Implications for gender differences in marital conflict physiology are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

自振空化射流提高钻井速度的实验研究

空化射流用于提高钻井速度的可行性研究结果表明，在钻进作业中，利用空泡破裂产生强大破坏作用来提高钻探的效率，其效果显著，可行性高。室内实验表明，自振空化射流在比普通喷嘴射流更深的井底或更高的围压条件下，有更大的起始空化数和更强的空化能力。自振空化喷嘴起始空化数大都在1.0以上，最高达到1.67，而锥形喷嘴最高仅为0.43，围压下其冲蚀效率是锥形喷嘴的1~2倍。现场试验同样证实设计的自振空化射流喷嘴在保护钻头、减少钻头磨损及增加进尺、提高机械钻速方面有显著作用。     

提高加热炉热效率措施的探讨

对本厂常减压装置提高加热炉热效率采取的措施进行了分析和总结