酸化预处理加快浸铀细菌生长速度

对铀矿石进行酸化预处理,然后菌浸。结合对照试验结果,酸化预处理有利于氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌对铀矿石的适应,可以加快其生长速度。     

近红外光谱技术快速无损评价罗非鱼片新鲜度

利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集绞碎前后罗非鱼片背肉及腹肉的近红外光谱,并将其与总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）含量进行拟合,构建定量预测模型。在建模过程中,比较三点平滑、九点平滑（smoothing average 9 points,sa9）、九点卷积平滑（smoothing savitzky-golay 9 points,sg9）、一阶导数（1stderivative,Db1）、趋近归一化、单位长度归一化、标准正态变换、多元散射校正以及它们与Db1结合对光谱进行预处理的模型效果。结果表明,sg9和Db1相比于其他预处理方法可以较好地消除光谱噪音,提高模型预测能力,且各方法在与Db1联合使用后,模型的预测准确性以及建模效率普遍得到了提升。继续对光谱的波数范围进行筛选,剔除无关信息后,模型效果得到进一步提升,绞碎前背肉模型的校正集和验证集决定系数由0.870、0.821上升到了0.973、0.925,校正集和验证集标准偏差由2.152、2.991 mg/100 g减小到了1.032、1.581 mg/100 g。比较各模型效果可知,利用绞碎后的鱼肉光谱进行建模时效果要好于绞碎前的鱼肉。其中,以绞碎后腹肉模型的效果为最优,其验证集决定系数以及标准偏差分别为0.984、0.879 mg/100 g。但在综合考虑实际应用中快速、无损等需求后,绞碎前的鱼肉所建模型仍具有明显优势。最终,本研究选用绞碎前腹肉建立模型,校正集与验证集决定系数分别为0.982、0.976,校正集与验证集标准偏差分别为0.962、1.006 mg/100 g,在预测罗非鱼片TVB-N含量,快速、无损评价其新鲜度方面显示出了巨大潜力。     

Pretreatment processes assisted subcritical water hydrolysis for valorisation of spent coffee grounds

This study investigated the effect of sequential extraction techniques and pretreatment methods in enhancing the recovery of high-value products from spent coffee ground. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) deoiling was performed to recover non-polar lipids, and subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of deoiled spent coffee ground (SCG) was conducted involving pretreatment with ultrasound (US-SCG), and sample particle size reduction (PS-SCG). SCW temperature, solid/liquid mixing ratio, constant pressure and residence time were studied for their effect on extracting reducing sugars (RS), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 5-HMF, and furfural. Temperature increase enhanced hydrolysis efficiency and promoted RS dehydration into 5-HMF and furfural. At 180 °C and 40 mg/600 mL, TPC, TFC and RS values increased significantly with ultrasound pretreatment correlating with improved antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS assays. Highest amount of 5-HMF and furfural was obtained at 210°C (highest temperature studied) with 44.71 and 2.36 mg/100 g. Chlorogenic acid recovery was the highest in the non-deoiled SCG (15.07 mg/100 g), with no significant difference observed in PS-SCG, suggesting an increase due to its reduced particle size. The results of this study provide comprehensive knowledge on the combined effects of integrated engineering systems to boost the valorisation of SCGs into high-value products.     

Conversion of Extracted Oil Cake Fibers into Bioethanol Including DDGS,Canola, Sunflower,Sesame, Soy,and Peanut for Integrated Biodiesel Processing

We have come up with a novel, integrated approach for making biodiesel by in-house producion of ethanol after fermentation of hexane extracted edible oil cake fiber. In addition, we have demonstrated how ethanol could be manufactured from commonly available oil cakes (such as canola, sunflower, sesame, soy, peanut) and dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS). The edible oil cakes and DDGS were hexane extracted, ammonia fiber expansion pretreated, enzymatically hydrolysed and fermented to produce ethanol. From all the oil cakes tested in this work, DDGS and peanut oil cake showed the most promising results giving more than 180 g of glucose/kg of oil cake. These two feedstock’s were hydrolyzed at 15% solids loading and fermented by a native strain of Pichia stipitis. Most sugars were consumed during the first 24 h, with no pronounced inhibition of P. stipitis by the degradation products in the hydrolysate. Xylose consumption was more effective for peanut cake hydrolyzate compared to DDGS.     

焦化废水的絮凝处理

通过采用絮凝沉淀的方法对焦化废水进行预处理，将CODcr由3880mg．L^-1以上降低到1760mg．L^-1左右，再采用载银活性炭／过氧化氢进行催化氧化，实现对废水处理。通过预处理，可有效降低催化氧化过程所需的时间和药品用量。     

基于ANSYS的规则曲面装配体有限元参数化前处理

基于ANSYS有限元参数化前处理基本思路,在宏文件中用特征参数替代数值参数,建立可变参数的分析模型。将APDL与UIDL相结合,设计出直观便利的用户化图形交互界面,在工具条上定制相关按钮实现分析流程的过程控制。以回转支承的有限元分析为实例,分析其几何模型参数化、网格划分参数化和约束及载荷参数化处理的过程。结果表明,参数化前处理提高了设计效率,为后续的分析和优化奠定了基础。     

氨氮监测中样品蒸馏预处理对结果的影响分析

氨氮监测采用预蒸馏处理后，比色测定结果明显偏低。在样品预蒸馏处理过程中，硼酸作为吸收液，使显色时溶液pH值偏低，导致显色不充分是其主要影响因素。通过采取增加显色剂加入量的方法，解决了显色pH值偏低的问题，得到满意的测定结果。     

非金属材料表面化学镀银

介绍了非金属材料表面化学镀银工艺及研究现状.非金属材料化学镀银工艺包括表面预处理和实施化学镀银2个步骤,其中表面预处理过程包括粗化、敏化和活化.根据化学镀银反应机理,分别探讨了还原法、置换法和自组装方法.研究认为,还原法与其他方法相比操作相对简单,仍是目前研究的重点;置换法除了可以获得单一镀层外,还可获得性能优良的合金镀层,在探索镀层沉积机理等方面也有广阔的前景;自组装法是一种很有发展潜力的化学镀方法,特别适用于对镀层结合力要求较高的化学镀过程.     

一种动态时间阈值的会话识别算法

会话识别是网络日志预处理中的重要环节,传统网络日志数据的预处理采用固定阈值会话识别算法,不能较好消除网络日志中的冗余信息。为更好提高后继数据挖掘的效率和精度,提出一种改进的预处理网络日志数据的会话识别算法,根据内容及站点结构确定其重要程度,对时间阈值进行动态控制调整,根据用户对访问内容的兴趣度删除不感兴趣的页面,消除冗余信息。