人参总皂苷的发酵及其产物的抗癌活性研究

从土壤中分离得到14种β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株,其中菌株YS2能够有效地将人参茎叶总皂苷和人参提取物中的人参皂苷转化为稀有人参皂苷Rg3;菌株YS2和YS7的人参发酵物对结肠癌colon26-M3.1细胞具有较强的抑制作用,其IC50值分别为180μg/mL和170μg/mL.根据ITS序列构建的系统发育树,确定菌株YS2为链格孢属(Alternaria).     

响应面分析法优化山楂叶中黄酮的提取工艺

响应面分析法优化山楂叶中黄酮的提取工艺,以黄酮粗提取率为指标,采用乙醇回流法提取。通过单因素试验及响应面分析,研究了提取温度、液固比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间4个主要因素对山楂叶中黄酮粗提取率的影响。采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计和响应面分析法,建立了回归方程的预测模型,确定最佳提取条件为液固比29 mL/g ,乙醇体积分数68％,提取温度64℃,提取时间34 min ,在此条件下黄酮粗提取率为3．07％。试验结果与模型预测值基本相符,因此,该工艺可应用于山楂叶中黄酮的提取。     

TiO2-SnO2 coated bamboo biochar for electrochemical treatment of coking wastewater

A new type of bamboo biochar (BC) loaded TiO₂-SnO₂ particle electrode was prepared and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD for efficient treatment of the coking wastewater in a three-dimensional electrochemical reaction system(3DERs). The results showed that bamboo biochar had a dense microporous space structure, and a significant amount of Ti-Sn oxides existed on the surface and in the interior of the BC. The removal rates of COD and DOC in coking wastewater reached to 73.96% and 66.72% respectively, and UV₂₅₄ reduced from 6.65 cm^-1 to 3.00 cm^-1 by the electrolysis treatment of 150 min at the current density of 30 mA/cm². The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the most of the soluble organic compounds and soluble microbial by-products were degraded and transformed. The addition of Ti and Sn enhanced the efficacy of the electrooxidation, electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic behavior of the BC particle electrodes, which improved the treatment effect on coking wastewater in the 3DERs. In addition, this study provides the possibility of basic research for the engineering practice of electrochemical oxidation treatment of coking wastewater.     

小兴安岭7种松叶挥发油GC-MS数据的分析

用化学计量学方法分析小兴安岭7种松科植物松叶挥发油气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)数据,为松叶挥发油的药理活性与其它的应用研究提供依据。(1)用直观推导式演进特征投影(heuristic evolving latent projections,HELP)法分辨重叠色谱峰,得各组分的纯色谱峰和质谱;(2)用正交投影法比较不同挥发油的GC-MS数据;(3)用峰面积归一化法确定各化合物的相对含量;(4)用主要化学成分进行聚类分析。7种松叶挥发油的化学成分为单萜、倍半萜及其衍生物和酯类化合物,按化学成分7种松叶挥发油可分为3类。     

初探民间竹制品之设计意匠——以浙江省缙云地区竹制品的研究为例

英国学者李约瑟在深入研究中国科技史后认为,东亚文明乃是"竹子文明,中国人民的血液里流着竹子的文化"。我国不仅竹资源丰富,更是在竹资源的开发与利用上历史最为悠久的国家。我国南方有着大面积的竹产地,竹子及竹制品对当地的社会经济、民俗文化都有很大的影响。如何对"竹"这一传统材料进行创新性的开发和利用,最大限度的实现竹自身的价值,使制竹产业焕发出新的活力,成为当前研究的主要问题。     

Experimental and theoretical study on thermal and moisture characteristics of new-type bamboo structure wall

Thermal and moisture characteristics of the bamboo structure wall were tested in natural climate and three representative variation processes of heat and moisture: heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and humidity, heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and high humidity after rain, humidifying from brash in summer at high temperature and normal humidity. The results show that, in summer, the largest temperature difference between external and internal surface of the 28 mm-thick bamboo plywood wall is 11.73 °C (at 15:40) and the largest strain difference is 136 μm/m (at 18:50), both in ambient and indoor conditioned environment. In heating process, lengthways of the wall surface are in contracting strain while transverse ways are in expanding strain at initial stage and in contracting strain during later period. When the high temperature wall is humidified by rain, the surface temperature drops, moisture content increases and the expanding strain is presented on the surface during the whole process. Temperature and moisture content are two important factors which affect thermal and moisture stress (TMS) of the bamboo structure wall. The TMS is not only related to temperature and moisture content, but also greatly affected by temperature gradient, moisture content gradient and rates of changing.     

含沉水植物河道水流流速特性研究

在梯形平底水槽中,用塑料草模拟了沉水植物对水流的影响。结果表明：（1）流速不同、相对植物高度不同的情况下,植物对流速的影响是不同的;（2）含沉水植物的水流垂向流速分布曲线存在一条流速分界线,在其上部流速变大,下部流速变小,流速分界线在植物冠层以上,在相对水深h／H=0．3附近;（3）两株植物叶片之间是否有交叉重叠对水流的阻碍作用是有区别的;有交叉重叠时会额外增加水流阻力;在流速分界线以下,叶片有交叉重叠时流速减小幅度较大。     

超滤与纳滤膜技术应用于桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素分离浓缩的效果观察

选桑叶为原料,以膜通量、膜通量衰减指数、DNJ透过率和杂质去除率为指标,探究三种超滤膜UF1、UF2和UF3对桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素（DNJ）分离效果以及两种纳滤膜NF1和NF2对DNJ的浓缩效果.研究结果表明：三种超滤膜中UF2最适于DNJ的分离,UF2-UF3联合处理（即UF3＊）的效果更佳,且两者的最优操作压力分别为0.8MPa和1.5MPa.与NF1相比,NF2蚋滤膜对DNJ的浓缩效果显著,浓缩倍数可以达到10.1,对DNJ的截留率为81.94％,DNJ纯度为4.65％.     

基于图像处理的作物病害自动识别系统的研究

为了实现对作物病害检测与防治的自动化,构建了一个基于叶片病斑图像处理的计算机诊断系统,以实现作物叶部病害的自动识别。该系统依据作物病叶颜色差异,用EM算法和偏微分方程水平集模型等图像分割算法,从图像中获取完整准确的病斑;然后提取病斑的颜色、形状和纹理特征,运用主成分分析方法对数据进行降维处理;最后采用神经网络和支持向量机方法对这些特征进行学习与分类,以及病害识别。系统已试用于黄瓜、番茄等园艺作物叶部病害的自动诊断与识别,其优点是自动化程度高,识别准确率在一定条件下较好。