含沉水植物河道水流流速特性研究

在梯形平底水槽中,用塑料草模拟了沉水植物对水流的影响。结果表明：（1）流速不同、相对植物高度不同的情况下,植物对流速的影响是不同的;（2）含沉水植物的水流垂向流速分布曲线存在一条流速分界线,在其上部流速变大,下部流速变小,流速分界线在植物冠层以上,在相对水深h／H=0．3附近;（3）两株植物叶片之间是否有交叉重叠对水流的阻碍作用是有区别的;有交叉重叠时会额外增加水流阻力;在流速分界线以下,叶片有交叉重叠时流速减小幅度较大。     

超滤与纳滤膜技术应用于桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素分离浓缩的效果观察

选桑叶为原料,以膜通量、膜通量衰减指数、DNJ透过率和杂质去除率为指标,探究三种超滤膜UF1、UF2和UF3对桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素（DNJ）分离效果以及两种纳滤膜NF1和NF2对DNJ的浓缩效果.研究结果表明：三种超滤膜中UF2最适于DNJ的分离,UF2-UF3联合处理（即UF3＊）的效果更佳,且两者的最优操作压力分别为0.8MPa和1.5MPa.与NF1相比,NF2蚋滤膜对DNJ的浓缩效果显著,浓缩倍数可以达到10.1,对DNJ的截留率为81.94％,DNJ纯度为4.65％.     

杨树叶片的微观结构及拉伸特性

观察了杨树(Ponulus hopeiensis)叶片的微观结构,测定了叶片叶脉和叶肉的拉伸性能,分析了叶片拉伸特性与微观结构之间的关系。结果表明:杨树叶片的叶脉是由表皮组织、薄壁组织、维管束及其周围的机械组织构成的多孔、蜂窝状的复合结构;叶肉主要是由栅栏组织和海绵组织组成的分层结构。杨树叶片主脉和附带叶肉的主脉具有不同的拉伸性能,附带的叶肉越宽,最大拉力越大;叶片具有一定的强度,其承载能力主要取决于叶脉中表皮组织、维管束及机械组织的发达程度。本研究可为工程仿生的抗疲劳设计提供有益参考。     

甘薯茎叶中绿原酸提取工艺的研究

用浸泡加传统回流提取、超声波提取及浸泡加超声波提取法提取了甘薯茎叶中的绿原酸,并将三种提取工艺进行了比较,优选出甘薯茎叶中绿原酸提取的工艺条件。考察了提取次数、超声提取时间、温度、功率及乙醇浓度等因素对绿原酸提取率的影响。最佳提取工艺为浸泡加超声波提取,最佳提取条件为：70%乙醇溶液、浸泡12 h,控制温度70℃,功率80 W,提取两次,每次20 min,采用紫外分光光度法测定绿原酸的含量,此条件下绿原酸提取率最高。     

基于图像处理的作物病害自动识别系统的研究

为了实现对作物病害检测与防治的自动化,构建了一个基于叶片病斑图像处理的计算机诊断系统,以实现作物叶部病害的自动识别。该系统依据作物病叶颜色差异,用EM算法和偏微分方程水平集模型等图像分割算法,从图像中获取完整准确的病斑;然后提取病斑的颜色、形状和纹理特征,运用主成分分析方法对数据进行降维处理;最后采用神经网络和支持向量机方法对这些特征进行学习与分类,以及病害识别。系统已试用于黄瓜、番茄等园艺作物叶部病害的自动诊断与识别,其优点是自动化程度高,识别准确率在一定条件下较好。     

Use ofLeucaena leucocephala (Lam. de Wit) leaves as a nitrogen source for crop production

Field and pot trials were conducted to determine optimum management practices for usingLeucaena leucocephala (Lam. de Wit) leaves as a N source for crop production. Field trials with maize showed no benefit from split application of leucaena leaves or from application of fresh as opposed to dried material. Field trials also failed to show any difference between incorporation as opposed to surface application of leucaena leaves. This may be attributed to the low nitrogen response observed. Pot trials however, showed that soil incorporation of leucaena leaves was more effective than surface application in increasing plant dry weight.Leucaena leaves were not as effective as inorganic N in increasing maize grain yield (field trials) or dry matter production (pot trial). Unlike inorganic N, leucaena leaves had a significant residual effect on the succeeding maize crop. In decomposition studies, buried leucaena leaves decomposed more quickly than surface-applied leaves, and fresh leaves decomposed more rapidly than dried leaves.     

Effects of sample drying and storage,and choice of extraction solvent and analysis method on the yield of birch leaf hydrolyzable tannins

In this study, I investigated the effects of different methods of sample drying and storage, and the choice of extraction solvent and analysis method on the concentrations of 14 individual hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), and insoluble ellagitannins in birch (Betula pubescens) leaves. Freeze- and vacuum-drying of birch leaves were found to provide more reliable results than air- or oven-drying. Storage of leaves at –20C for 3 months before freeze-drying did not cause major changes in tannin content, although levels of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloylglucose and isostrictinin were altered. Storage of dried leaf material at –20C is preferred because 1 year storage of freeze-dried leaves at 4C and at room temperature decreased the concentration of the pedunculagin derivative, one of the main ellagitannins of birch. Furthermore, storage at room temperature increased the levels of isostrictinin and 2,3-(S)-HHDP-glucose, indicating possible HT catabolism. Of the extraction solvents tested, aqueous acetone was superior to pure acetone, or aqueous or pure methanol. The addition of 0.1% ascorbic acid into 70% acetone significantly increased the yield of ellagitannins, presumably by preventing their oxidation. By comparing the conventional rhodanine assay and the HPLC–ESI-MS assay for quantification of leaf galloylglucoses, the former tends to underestimate total concentrations of galloylglucoses in birch leaf extract. On the basis of the outcomes of all the method and solvent comparisons, their suitability for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant HTs is discussed, emphasizing that each plant species, with its presumably unique HT composition, is likely to have a unique combination of ideal conditions for tissue preservation and extraction.     

异经竹／棉牛仔布的生产实践

介绍了异经竹/棉牛仔布的生产工艺,阐述了原纱基本质量指标、经纱染色的工艺条件,指出了经纱配置和浆纱织造的工艺原则。     

竹醋酸在猪粪堆肥中的保氮作用

畜牧业发展带来的环境问题越来越引起社会的关注,堆肥作为传统的工艺被广泛的用来处理畜牧业废弃物,而在传统的堆肥过程中氮素的损失比较严重,因而在堆肥中要尽可能的保存氮素,提高堆肥的质量,增加农用价值。本实验以稻草秸杆、锯末和猪粪为原料,以竹醋酸为添加剂进行静态好氧堆肥实验,分析堆肥过程中总氮、有机氮、氨氮和硝氮等的变化情况,比较不同浓度的竹醋酸对堆肥过程中减少氮损失的作用.对腐熟后堆肥的分析表明,适宜的竹醋酸浓度可以促进微生物的活性;跟空白堆体相比,堆肥物料在1∶2000、1∶1500和1∶1000浓度的竹醋酸作用下,氮素损失分别减少12.5%、10.1%和11.9%,说明其具有一定的保氮作用.     

苦丁茶冬青叶多糖的提取与鉴定

采用95％乙醇脱脂、水提取及80％乙醇沉淀的方法，从苦丁茶冬青叶中分离得到苦丁茶冬青叶粗多糖KPSⅠ，经Sevag法3次除蛋白得苦丁茶冬青叶粗多糖KPSⅡ．经特征化学反应及紫外光谱、红外光谱分析，确定KPSⅠ、KPSⅡ是多糖类化合物，且含有一定量的蛋白质．多糖含量分别为40．77％和39．10％，蛋白质的含量分别为6．43％和5．16％，