钛合金与铌合金电子束焊温度场数值模拟

钛合金与铌合金是具有优良使用性能的两种合金材料,这两种材料被广泛用于航空、航天、核工业等重要领域.文中采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对钛合金与铌合金电子束焊的温度场进行了模拟研究,利用双热源模型模拟电子束焊温度场,研究了异种金属焊接的建模方法、函数载荷的加载技巧,着重分析了钛合金(7715D)和铌合金(C-103)的焊接性,采用热源向铌一侧偏置的方法来保证焊接熔深的一致.最后得到了不同焊接热输入条件下钛合金与铌合金焊接过程中的最佳偏置距离.     

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM FILMS WITH SODIUM ION IMPLANTATION： SURFACE PROPERTIES AND PROTEIN ADSORPTION

Sodium implanted titanium films with different ion doses were characterized to correlate their ion implantation parameters. Native titanium films and ion implanted titanium films were characterized with combined techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and light microscopy (LM). The surface presented increased sodium concentration on treated titanium films with ion dose increasing, except for the group with the highest ion dose of 4× 1017 ions/cm2. XPS depth profiling displayed that sodium entered titanium film around 25-50 nm depth depending on its implantation ion dose. AFM characterization showed that sodium ion implantation treatment changed the surface morphology from a relatively smooth titanium film to rough surfaces corresponding to different implantation doses.After sodium implantation, implanted titanium films presented big particles with island structure morphology. The surface morphology and particle growth displayed the corresponding trend.Fibrinogen adsorption on these titanium films was performed to correlate with the surface properties of treated titanium films. The results show that protein adsorption on ion-implanted samples with dose of 2 × 1017 and 4 × 1017 are statistically higher (p ＜ 0. 01) than samples treated with dose of 5×1016 and 1 ×1017, as well as the control samples.     

世界钛及钛合金产业现状及发展趋势

总结和阐述了近年来世界各国钛及钛合金的发展现状和未来发展趋势。重点描述了近年来钛及钛合金最新制备及加工技术的发展和应用, 主要包括钛及钛合金的冶炼提取、熔炼铸造、最新加工方法、热处理规范以及在航空航天、舰船、化工、生物及医用材料、汽车、体育等领域的发展和应用。通过对钛及钛合金近年来发展现状的了解, 结合钛研制开发过程中出现的一些问题, 简要分析了钛及钛合金的几个主要的发展方向及趋势。     

热处理工艺对Ti-230合金薄板组织和性能的影响

研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对Ti-230钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。测试了不同退火工艺条件下合金薄板的强度和塑性。用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察了微观组织和析出相粒子Ti2Cu的分布。实验结果表明,随着退火温度从650℃升至790℃(保温30min),合金板材的抗拉强度从541MPa升到580MPa,延伸率从27.5%降到26%。在给定790℃,保温时间分别为5,15,30min条件下退火,其强度和延伸率变化不是十分明显。从OM和TEM对组织的观察得出,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒度明显增大,晶粒等轴化程度增加,析出的Ti2Cu粒子随退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长明显减少。采用790℃,30min退火工艺,其晶粒尺寸,Ti2Cu粒子的分布及Cu在基体中的固溶度可以达到良好的匹配,使合金获得最佳的力学性能。     

Ti-26高强钛合金斜轧穿孔工艺研究

研究了Ti-26高强钛合金斜轧穿孔制备管坯工艺。测试了穿制的Ti-26合金管坯的力学性能，用金相显微镜观察了管坯的显微组织，用扫描电镜分析了拉伸断口的形貌。结果表明，采用斜轧穿孔方式完全可以制备Ti-26高强钛合金管坯；在1050℃下，选择合适的轧辊转速和前进角可顺利穿制Ti-26高强钛合金管坯，其管坯的强度为815MPa，延伸率达到13％，断面收缩率达到45％，晶粒度按ASTME标准为6级，比穿孔前细化，断口呈明显的塑性断口，加工管材无需热处理可以直接进行轧制，道次加工率可达45．8％。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties Prediction for Ti-Based Alloys

Titanium alloys have been used in demanding applications such as the chemical industry and aerospace, thanks to their excellent corrosion resistance, low density, and high-mechanical strength. There have been many research activities recently on titanium alloys, mainly focusing on experiments. The kinetics of phase transformations and the relationship between the microstructure and the final mechanical properties has not been widely studied by computer modeling. In this work, a comprehensive finite-element model coupled with thermodynamic calculations has been developed to simulate the microstructure evolution and predict the final mechanical properties resulting from solidification and to solid phase transformation. This model can be applied to casting and heat treatment processes. The predictions are validated by comparison with experimental measurements. The results show that this model can accurately predict the microstructure, volume fraction of different phases, and the final yield strength of titanium alloys.     

EBSD characterization of recrystallization microstructure of cold-swaged Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-O alloy

The microstructures of the cold-swaged and recrystallized Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-O （TNTZO） （mole fraction, %） alloy were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD）. The difference in microstructure, texture and recrystallization process was evaluated between the TNTZO alloy and traditional body centered cubic （bcc） metals. The results show that the cold-swaged TNTZO alloy presents a pronounced （110） fiber texture in the axial direction. The recrystallization of the TNTZO alloy is achieved by the nucleation of new grains and the growth of these new grains at the expense of the deformed structure. The TNTZO alloy behaves a very similar way to traditional bcc metals in the features of the microstructure, texture and recrystallization.     

Johnson-Cook dynamic constitutive relationship for TC 16 titanium alloy

The true stress--strain curves of TC16 alloy with a wide range of strain rates were investigated under uniaxial quasi-static tension and uniaxial dynamic compression with the lnstron 8032 test machine and the split Hopkinson bar respectively. The results indicate that the true stress increases with increasing strain rate, while decreases with increasing temperature. Under the 105 s^-1 high strain rate and temperature higher than 673 K, the true stress would even be less than that under quasi-static condition. A new method incorporating TCl6＇s stress strain curve developing item was proposed to determine the coefficients in J-C model easily and to avoid the estimation of the adiabatic temperature rising. The Johnson-Cook dynamic constitutive relationship for TC16 was obtained for the first time. Good agreement was obtained between the model prediction and the experimental stress--strain curves for TC16 under both quasi-static and dynamic loadings.     

Microstructure of a two-phase titanium alloy by rapid solidification technique

Ribbons of the two-phase titanium alloy were fabricated by single-roller rapid solidification technique, and aged at high temperature. The microstructure of ribbon samples were characterized with X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and environmental scanning electron microscope （ESEM）. The microstructures of the alloy are composed of a phase and supersaturated β phase, and X-ray diffraction results show that all peaks of the a and β phases shift slightly to smaller angles, which can be explained by the disordering growth pattern caused by the rapid solidification process. After aging at 960℃in vacuum, the ribbon is composed of homogeneous a phase and β phase.     

Effect of heat treatment on thermal stability of Ti40 alloy

Five new heat treatment processes were designed, which were divided into three groups by their characteristics. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloy after the five heat treatments and thermal exposure at 500, 550℃ for 100 h were tested. The results indicate that a little differences exist in the performance of mechanical properties at room-temperature after the five heat treatments, and the thermal stability is the key factor for determining heat treatment process. Among the three groups of heat treatment processes, the best thermal stability is achieved after the first group of heat treatment. After annealing treatment at intermediate temperature, some defects and uneven grain boundaries are remained, which leads to the reduction fractions of precipitations on unit grain boundary and the harmful effect of precipitations on grain boundary is weakened. The process of annealing at 650 ℃for 4 h is recommended the best heat treatment process for Ti40 alloy.