超声波辐射及相转移催化合成大茴香腈

以大茴香醛为原料,采用超声波辐射和相转移催化法直接合成大茴香腈的最佳反应条件为:n(大茴香醛)∶n(盐酸羟胺)=1∶(1.4～1.6),反应温度80℃,超声波辐射功率200W,辐射时间60min。在该条件下,相转移催化剂CTMAB的用量m(CTMAB)/m(大茴香醛)=0.06时,大茴香腈产率可达90.9%。     

CTAB存在下纳米Pd粒子的超声诱导生长

在微量十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)存在下,超声辐射PdCl2的乙醇水溶液,制得了纳米Pd粒子,用XRD、UV、TEM和HRTEM等进行了表征,探讨了超声诱导纳米Pd粒子的生长过程。结果表明,当超声辐射50min时,得到呈多边形的纳米Pd粒子,粒径分布较集中,大约为10nm。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为增敏剂光度法测定抗坏血酸

本文提出了一种以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为增敏剂的测定痕量抗坏血酸的光度分析方法。吸收波长为664nm,抗坏血酸用量在0—10μg/mL范围内符合朗伯一比尔定律,线性方程为△A=2.006C+0.0082,检出限量为4.2×10~(-9)g/25mL。本法有灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,操作简便等优点,用于Vc药片中抗坏血酸测定,获得满意结果。     

Aqueous and nonaqueous microemulsion systems with a palm oil-base emollient

Microemulsions with a palm oil-based emollient, i.e., medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), and water or glycerol, stabilized by two oppositely charged ionic surfactants and a medium-chain alcohol, were investigated. The results showed that only the water-in-MCT or the glycerol-in-MCT microemulsions were prominent. The maximum solubilization of the MCT emollient was higher in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, i.e., the positively charged surfactant that contained a nitrogen atom, than the negatively charged surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, the results did not lend themselves for selecting any decisive factor that would explain the different solubilization behavior encountered in the investigated aqueous and nonaqueous systems.     

溴化十六烷基三甲基铵胶束高效液相色谱的研究和应用

研究了苯、苯胺、苯酚和甲苯在以溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)水溶液为移动相,YWG-NH_2为固定相时的保留行为。当柱温为45℃、移动相组成为5%正丙醇(或9%乙醇)的0.03mol/L CTAB 时,苯、苯胺、苯酚和甲苯分离最佳。还计算了溶质传质过程的焓值及其在水、胶束、固定相间的分配系数。     

溴元素改性椰壳活性炭对实际燃煤烟气的脱汞性能

以椰壳活性炭（YAC）为原料,通过NH₄Br溶液浸渍改性,制备了溴素改性椰壳活性炭脱汞吸附剂（YAC-Br）。在固定床实验台上开展了YAC和YAC-Br的汞脱除实验,主要研究了入口汞（Hg⁰）浓度对YAC-Br脱汞性能的影响,并结合BET、SEM、XRF等表征手段分析了YAC-Br的脱汞原理。在0.3MW燃煤循环流化床锅炉上对YAC-Br进行了烟气管道喷射吸附剂脱汞（ACI）实验,验证了其在实际燃煤烟气中对汞的脱除效果。结果表明：改性过程不会破坏椰壳活性炭原有的孔隙结构和微孔容积,而会使活性炭表面更加平整;化学改性后活性炭表面Br负载量提高,成为Hg⁰的主要活性吸附位。固定床实验结果说明：改性后椰壳活性炭的初始汞吸附效率和单位累积汞吸附量分别提高了6.02倍和21.8倍,吸附效率随汞浓度增大而降低。0.3MW燃煤循环流化床实验结果表明：改性后椰壳活性炭对元素汞和氧化汞均有很好的脱除作用,脱汞效率随着吸附剂喷射量的增加而增加,当喷射量为0.7kg/h时,脱汞效率可达到76.38%。     

TBAB水合物晶体生长过程的实验研究

通过对常压下9%(w) TBAB溶液降温生成水合物晶体的过程进行观察,以过冷度作为生长驱动力,研究了TBAB水合物晶体的生长特性. TBAB水合物刚形成时,晶体呈高透光度及规则柱体外形,随晶体继续生长逐渐变得不规则,透光度下降. 当恒温浴的过冷度分别为6.0, 8.1和9.6 K时,水合物晶体长度/宽度方向生长时间依次为183 min/140 min, 85 min/65 min, 70 min/37 min,同时反应前的等待时间即生成时间分别为83, 53和55 min. 生长时间和生成时间随过冷度增加逐渐降低,幅度逐渐减小,表明过冷度增加能有效减少水合反应时间,促进水合物的快速生成. 过冷度增加会增加TBAB水合物晶体成核数量,因此晶体与溶液的总体接触面积增加,有利于水合物的快速形成.     

N-烯丙基苯胺的合成研究

以溴丙烯和苯胺为原料合成了N-烯丙基苯胺,通过IR和~1HNMR对化合物的组成和结构进行了表征,探讨了优化反应条件,该路线具有操作简便、反应快、收率高的特点。     

Teucrium plant species as natural sources of novel anticancer compounds: antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antioxidant properties

This study deals with total phenolic content, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species and the effect on the prooxidant/antioxidant status in HCT-116 cells. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured spectrophotometricaly and the obtained results ranged from 56.62 mg/g to 172.50 mg GA/g. The antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where IC(50) value was used as a parameter for cytotoxicity. The type of cell death was explored by fluorescence microscopy using the acridin orange/ethidium bromide method. MTT assay showed that all extracts significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with very low IC(50) values. The highest content of phenolic compounds and the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116 cells after 24 h of exposure was in T. chamaedrys extract, with IC(50) values of 5.48 × 10(-9) μg/mL. After 72 h, methanolic extract of T. arduini appeared to have the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116, with IC(50) values of 0.37 μg/mL. Treatments caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HCT-116 cells and showed a high percentage of apoptotic cells. The results of the presented research indicate that some Teucrium extracts are a very rich source of phenols, which may directly contribute to high antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity.     

Synthesis of well-defined star-branched polymers by stepwise iterative methodology using living anionic polymerization

This article reviews the synthesis of regular and asymmetric star-branched polymers with well-defined structures by methodologies using living anionic polymerization, especially focusing on the synthetic approaches accessible for precisely controlled architectures of star-branched polymers concerning molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, arm number, and composition. The reason for selecting living anionic polymerization from many living/controlled polymerization systems so far developed is that this living polymerization system is still the best to meet the strict requirements for the precise structures of star-branched polymers. Furthermore, we herein mainly introduce a novel and quite versatile stepwise iterative methodology recently developed by our group for the successive synthesis of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers. The methodology basically involves only two sets of the reaction conditions for the entire iterative synthetic sequence. The reaction sequence can be, in principle, limitlessly iterated to introduce a definite number of the same or different polymer segments at each stage of the iteration. As a result, a wide variety of many-armed and multi-compositional asymmetric star-branched polymers can be synthesized.