溴代烷基咪唑类离子液体在封闭体系下的合成

为了解决常规方法合成离子液体时间长(通常反应条件为回流反应24 h)、纯度低的问题,采用密闭体系合成了3种溴代烷基咪唑类离子液体。通过研究反应时间、反应温度以及所用溶剂对反应结果的影响,确定了溴代咪唑类离子液体在高温密闭反应釜中合成的最佳条件。结果表明,最佳工艺为3 h,100℃,丙酮作为溶剂,产物经处理后纯度高,易分离,产率达到87%,反应时间大大缩短。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-硫氰酸钾-水体系浮选分离钛

研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）-硫氰酸钾-水体系浮选分离钛的行为。结果表明, 在水溶液中, Ti与CTMAB和硫氰酸钾形成不溶于水的三元缔合物［Ti(SCN)₆^2- ］［CTMAB⁺］₂,此三元缔合物沉淀浮于水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相。当溶液中CTMAB和硫氰酸钾的浓度分别为2.0×10^-3mol/L和7.0×10^-2mol/L时, Ti可与CdⅡ、Cr、MnⅡ、V、Al、NiⅡ、FeⅡ、MgⅡ和Ga离子定量分离。该方法简便迅速,不污染环境,在微量钛的分离和富集分析中有很好的实用价值。     

新型蒸汽型溴化锂吸收式冷暖机的开发

介绍了一种能够利用蒸汽实现制冷及采暖双重功能的蒸汽型溴化锂吸收式冷暖机,包括其开发背景、产品组成、制冷及采暖运转原理,而且介绍了该产品的主要特点及技术规格参数.在当前节能减排形势下,该产品具有广阔的发展前景.     

Thermodynamic evaluation of new absorbent mixtures of lithium bromide and organic salts for absorption refrigeration machines

Mixtures of lithium bromide and organic salts of sodium and potassium (formate, acetate and lactate) have been evaluated as alternative absorbents for absorption refrigeration machines. The main objective is to overpass the limitations of lithium bromide and improve the characteristics and the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. In order to select the mixture that presents better properties for its employment in absorption refrigeration cycles, a thermodynamic analysis have been done. Density, viscosity, enthalpies of dilution, solubility and vapour pressure data of the proposed mixtures have been measured. A simulation program has been developed to evaluate temperatures, heats exchanged in the different sections and the efficiency of the cycle.     

溴化锂溶液中苯并三氮唑对碳钢缓蚀作用研究

为降低溴冷机中碳钢的腐蚀,通过失重法和电化学方法研究了含有0.07 mol/L LiOH和150mg/L Na2MoO4的55%LiBr、60%LiBr溶液中苯并三氮唑(BTA)对碳钢的缓蚀作用.结果表明,在溴化锂溶液中添加BTA时可显著降低碳钢腐蚀;55%LiBr、60%LiBr溶液中BTA的最佳添加量为100 mg/L;55%LiBr溶液中,BTA通过与铁离子形成Fe-BTA型配合物覆盖在金属表面阻碍浸蚀性Br-吸附而起缓蚀作用;60%LiBr溶液中,BTA则与MoO42-共同作用,在碳钢表面形成MoO2、MoO3和Fe-BTA致密钝化膜减缓金属活性溶解.     

Using prechloramination to control trihalomethanes formation in River Huang water with high bromide

An effective technology in controlling trihalomethanes （THMs） formation in the case of large amounts of bromide presenting was proposed, and the water of River Huang seriously polluted by bromide in winter in Tianjin City was studied. The THMs formation characteristics during prechloramination using preformed chloramines and converted chloramines were studied through jar tests. Results show that, in prechloramination process, the formation of THMs by preformed chloramines is very few, while that by converted ehloramines is a little higher. And the formation of THMs, especially Br^- substituted THMs, increases with the increase of time and Cl2：N ratio as well as the decrease of pH. The result obtained in a pilot plant shows that compared with prechlorination, the prechloramination process can efficiently control the formation of THMs, especially the Br^- substituted species. With equal chlorine dosage, the prechloramination can maintain a larger chlorine residue which offece, a larger CT value than prechlorination.     

溴化锂吸收式热泵回收火电厂循环水余热供热研究

热泵技术回收循环水余热用于供热是当前火电厂节能减排的新方式,通过对单效溴化锂吸收式热泵建立数学模型,模拟分析不同凝汽器循环水出水温度及热网循环水出水温度对热泵系统供热系数的影响,结果表明,凝汽器循环水出水温度越高,系统供热系数越高,而热网循环水出水温度越高,系统供热系数越低,且这种影响程度略大于凝汽器循环水出水温度的影响程度;通过某电厂300MW机组实例分析凝汽器循环水出水温度对汽轮机组与热泵机组的综合影响,循环水出水温度在35℃附近存在一个最佳值以使得系统集成最优化。     

四丁基溴化铵水合物储存氢气的研究

利用高压搅拌式水合物实验装置,进行了四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)水合物储氢的研究。在恒容条件下,考察了水浴温度、初始压力对水合物储氢特性的影响,并比较了TBAB水合物和四氢呋喃(THF)水合物的储氢性能。实验结果表明,在初始压力7.2 MPa、x(TBAB)=0.6%的条件下,水浴温度越低,生成水合物的诱导时间越短,储氢密度越大,水浴温度为0.5℃时储氢密度最大(为0.095%);在水浴温度0.5℃、x(TBAB)=0.6%的条件下,初始压力越大,生成水合物的诱导时间越短,储氢密度越大,在初始压力为8.4 MPa时储氢密度最大(为0.109%);在水浴温度为0.5℃、初始压力7.2 MPa的条件下,THF水合物的储氢密度仅为0.014%,远低于TBAB水合物的储氢密度(0.095%),TBAB水合物的储氢性能更好。     

石家庄站房冷热源形式选用

以石家庄站房冷热源选择为例,对北方大型站房冷热源进行分析。分析从方案选取的可实施性、技术性、经济性入手进行分析研究,以选择合理的冷热源方案。     

Modeling and performance analysis of an absorption chiller with a microchannel membrane‐based absorber using LiBr‐H2O,LiCl‐H2O,and LiNO3‐NH3

In order to develop compact absorption refrigeration cycles driven by low heat sources, the simulated performance of a microchannel absorber of 5‐cm length and 9.5 cm³ in volume provided with a porous membrane is presented for 3 different solution‐refrigerant pairs: LiBr‐H₂O, LiCl‐H₂O, and LiNO₃‐NH₃. The high absorption rates calculated for the 3 solutions lead to large cooling effect to absorber volume ratios: 625 kW/m³ for the LiNO₃‐NH₃, 552 kW/m³ for the LiBr‐H₂O, and 318 kW/m³ for the LiCl‐H₂O solutions given the studied geometry. The performance of a complete absorption system is also analyzed varying the solution concentration, condensation temperature, and desorption temperature. The LiNO₃‐NH₃ and the LiBr‐H₂O solutions provide the largest cooling effects. The LiNO₃‐NH₃ can work at a lower temperature of the heating source, in comparison with the one needed in a LiBr‐H₂O system. The lowest cooling effect and coefficient of performance are found for the LiCl‐H₂O solution, but this mixture allows the use of lower temperature heating sources (below 70°C). These results can be used for the selection of the most suitable solution for a given cooling duty, depending on the available heat source and condensation temperature.